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Klima- og miljødepartementet og Landbruks- og matdepartement ga 27. juni 2016 Landbruksdirektoratet, Miljødirektoratet og Mattilsynet i oppdrag å revidere forskrift om gjødselvarer mv. av organisk opphav. I oppdraget ble det lagt vekt på tilrettelegging for økt ressursutnyttelse av restmaterialer i gjødselvarer og at nyttiggjøringen skjer på måter som minimerer forurensning til vann, jord og luft...
NIBIO
2019
Measurement of air quality in exhibition and storage rooms at Wawel Royal Castle, Krakow, Poland. NILU OR
Rapporten presenterer resultater fra målinger av forurensning og vurdering av bevaringsforholdene i et ustillingsrom og et magasin for historiske silkebannere tilhørende den kongelige borgen Wawel i Krakow, Polen. I tillegg presenteres det forslag til retningslinjer for design av en best mulig løsning for nye utstillingsmontre for presentasjon av samlingen med silke bannere.
2012
Measurement of elemental and organic carbon in Europe. Report of the preparatory workshop for a future standard measurement method. JRC scientific and technical reports
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2019
2004
2004
Måleinstrumenter fra forskjellige plattformer og ulike teknikker for karakterisering av vulkanske askeskyer er blitt vurdert spesielt med hensyn til anvendbarhet og begrensinger. Rapporten oppsummerer hvordan framtidige infrastukturinvesteringer i Norge vil kunne gi ytterligere opplysninger om vulkanske askeskyer som kan brukes til å informere operative luftfartsmyndigheter. Tre hovedanbefalinger er gitt.
2014
Measurement of volcanic ash in Norwegian air space. WP 1.4.2 Improved detection of ash clouds. NILU OR
Identifisering av aske i infrarøde satllittbilder forstyrres ofte av is- og vannskyer, samt de gitte temperaturforhold. Flere alternative metoder eksisterer for identifisering av askeskyer i SEVIRI-bilder. I en aktuell situasjon er ofte manuelle tilpasninger av deteksjonsmetodene nødvendig. Rapporten beskriver forskjellige metoder for identifisering av askeskyer. Metodene sammenlignes kvantitativt basert på syntetiske SEVIRI-bilder for Eyafjallajokull utbruddet i 2010.
2013
For retrieval of ash mass loading from infrared satellite measurements, estimates of the ash cloud temperature and the surface temperature are required. The ash cloud temperature and surface temperature may be taken from satellite measurements, weather model forecast, or deduced by satellite retrievals.
The report describes various methods to estimate the ash cloud temperatue and surface temperature. The impact of varying cloud temperature and surface temperature on the signal measured by an IR-sensor in space is investigated.
2013
Satellite-based measurements of volcanic ash give the total amount of volcanic ash per area, typically in units of grams of volcanic ash per square meter. To convert this to concentration the vertical thickness of the ash cloud is needed. The ash cloud thickness is not available from passive remote sensors, e.g. IR-sensors, but may be obtained from ground- and space-based lidars. Dispersion models will also provide information of the ash thickness.
This report gives an overview of volcanic ash cloud thickness as observed by space, aircraft and ground-based lidars. Also, ash cloud thickness as simulated by the Flexpart particle dispersion model is analysed. The impact of varying cloud thickness on the signal measured by IR-sensor in space is investigated. Focus is on the Eyjafjallajokull 2010 eruption for which a unique wealth of data are available.
2013
Measurement programme for heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in air and deposition in Europe. WMO Global Atmosphere Watch, 136
1999
Measurement programme for heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in air and deposition in Europe. WMO Global Atmosphere Watch, 136
2000
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is a key transboundary air pollutant that contributes to the impacts of nitrogen and acidity on terrestrial ecosystems. Ammonia also contributes to the atmospheric aerosol that affects air quality. Emission inventories indicate that NH3 was predominantly emitted by agriculture over the 19th and 20th centuries but, up to now, these estimates have not been compared to long-term observations. To document past atmospheric NH3 pollution in south-eastern Europe, ammonium (NH) was analysed along an ice core extracted from Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus, Russia. The NH ice-core record indicates a 3.5-fold increase in concentrations between 1750 and 1990 CE. Remaining moderate prior to 1950 CE, the increase then accelerated to reach a maximum in 1989 CE. Comparison between ice-core trends and estimated past emissions using state-of-the-art atmospheric transport modelling of submicron-scale aerosols (FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion) model) indicates good agreement with the course of estimated NH3 emissions from south-eastern Europe since ∼ 1750 CE, with the main contributions from south European Russia, Türkiye, Georgia, and Ukraine. Examination of ice deposited prior to 1850 CE, when agricultural activities remained limited, suggests an NH ice concentration related to natural soil emissions representing ∼ 20 % of the 1980–2009 CE NH level, a level mainly related to current agricultural emissions that almost completely outweigh biogenic emissions from natural soil. These findings on historical NH3 emission trends represent a significant contribution to the understanding of ammonia emissions in Europe over the last 250 years.
2025
This study presents results from an Intensive Measurement Period (IMP2022) conducted during the European heatwave of July 2022, focusing on ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbonaceous aerosols at 31 sites across Europe. The episode featured persistent high-pressure systems, record-breaking temperatures, widespread ozone exceedances and concurrent atmospheric new particle formation and growth events. Coordinated measurements and chemistry transport modelling were used to examine the spatial variability of ozone, VOC composition, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation under extreme meteorological conditions. Oxygenated VOCs (O-VOCs) constituted the largest fraction of total measured VOC mixing ratios, followed by non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and aromatics, with contributions from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Sensitivity simulations indicate that ozone formation was predominantly NOx-limited across most regions during IMP2022. However, the highest ozone peaks occurred under conditions of elevated NOx in combination with enhanced BVOC emissions. In contrast, SOA formation was slightly enhanced under low-NOx conditions and reduced in elevated NOx. Isoprene, aliphatic NMHCs, and O-VOCs dominated the ozone formation potential, while aromatics and monoterpenes were major contributors to SOA potential. Model simulations indicated that higher NOx concentrations can reduce SOA formation by about 10 %. The campaign also highlighted observational gaps underscoring the need for broader and higher-resolution VOC monitoring across Europe. Overall, further reductions in NOx emissions, alongside targeted control of key anthropogenic VOCs, would benefit air quality under future climate extremes.
2026
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