Fant 10466 publikasjoner. Viser side 96 av 419:
2011
Safeguarding drinking water in north-western europe by modelling the fate of amines from CO2capture
The European Union (EU) net-zero emission target for 2050 requires large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Amine-based CO2 capture (CC) is the most mature CC technology but may lead to the spread of nitrosamines (NSAs) and nitramines (NAs) in the nearby surroundings. These are carcinogenic compounds that can persist in water resources. Hence, EU's ambition towards carbon neutrality might pose risk of drinking water contamination as well as ecosystem and agricultural crops pollution. We compiled a dataset of planned CCS projects in the Franco-Danish corridor, Europe's future CCS hub, where most capacity will be located by 2030, with at least 40% based on amine technology. Spatial analysis indicates that up to 10.2 million inhabitants, large Natura 2000 reserves, and extensive crop areas may be impacted by NA and NSA deposition, often in regions already under severe water stress. Biogeochemical modelling shows that surface waters with short residence times are highly sensitive to deposition rates, whereas groundwater concentrations depend strongly on the interplay between NA and NSA half-lives and travel times, creating greater uncertainty in aquifers, especially small systems with limited dilution. In both cases, MEA is the most environmentally friendly when emission abatement measures are limited to water wash, compared to piperazine and other emerging solvents. Main findings highlight the need for regional-scale modelling and harmonized regulation to safeguard drinking water, ecosystems, and food security as CCS deployment expands.
2026
Safe(r) by design implementation in the nanotechnology industry
The implementation of Safe(r) by Design (SbD) in industrial innovations requires an integrated approach where the human, environmental and economic impact of the SbD measures is evaluated across and throughout the nanomaterial (NM) life cycle. SbD was implemented in six industrial companies where SbD measures were applied to NMs, nano-enabled products (NEPs) and NM/NEP manufacturing processes. The approach considers human and environmental risks, functionality of the NM/NEP and costs as early as possible in the innovation process, continuing throughout the innovation progresses. Based on the results of the evaluation, a decision has to be made on whether to continue, stop or re-design the NM/NEP/process or to carry out further tests/obtain further data in cases where the uncertainty of the human and environmental risks is too large. However, SbD can also be implemented at later stages when there is already a prototype product or process available, as demonstrated in some of the cases. The SbD measures implemented in some of the case studies did not result in a viable solution. For example the coating of silicon nanoparticles with amorphous carbon increased the conductivity, the stability and reduced the dustiness of the particles and therefore the risk of explosion and the exposure to workers. However the socioeconomic assessment for their use in lithium-ion batteries for cars, when compared to the use of graphite, showed that the increase in performance did not overcome the higher production costs. This work illustrates the complexities of selecting the most appropriate SbD measures and highlights that SbD cannot be solely based on a hazard and exposure assessment but must include other impacts that any SbD measures may have on sustainability including energy consumption and waste generation as well as all associated monetary costs.
2020
2025
2004
Rv. 83 Seljestad - Sama, Harstad. Vurdering av luftforurensning fra tunnelmunninger. NILU OR
Spredningsberegninger for tunnelforbindelse langs Rv. 83 Seljestad ¿ Sama, Harstad kommune. Det er beregnet maksimale konsentrasjoner av PM10, og NOX i tunnelene ved ugunstige trafikkforhold (rushtrafikk morgen/ettermiddag). Konsentrasjonsreduksjon som funksjon av avstand fra tunnelmunninger er vist i tabell, og konsentrasjonene er sammenlignet med nasjonalt mål og grenseverdier for luftkvalitet.
2014
2007
2017
2024
2025
Absorpsjonslinjer i solspektra fylles igjen på grunn av rotasjonell Raman spredning (RRS). Ved analyse av UV og synlige spektra blir RRS rutinemessig korrigert for. Effekten er også tilstede ved lengre bølgelengder, men generelt avtar den når bølgelengdene øker. For spektra med høy spektraloppløsning kan effekten være av betydning. Avhengig av anvendelsen kan det være nødvendig å kvantifisere og korrigere for RRS også ved lengre bølgelengder. Av spesiell interesse er effekten i O2-A (759-769 nm) og O2-B (686-697 nm) bandene. Effekten av RRS i disse bandene blir presentert for satellittinstrumentene CarbonSat, FLEX/FLORIS, MERIS og OLCI.
2012
2010
2017
2012