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Kinetics of POP sorption and plastic additive release to a variety of polymers under Arctic conditions

Herzke, Dorte; Sakaguchi-Söder, Kaori; Sempere, Richard; Fauvelle, Vincent; Booth, Andy

The PLASTOX project investigates the ingestion, food-web transfer, and ecotoxicological impact of microplastics (MPs), together with the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metals and plastic additive chemicals associated with them, on key European marine species and ecosystems. PLASTOX combines field-based observations, laboratory tests and manipulative field experiments to study the ecological effects of MPs.

As part of a long-term field experiment conducted at marine locations across Europe (Mediterranean to Arctic), a range of different virgin polymer pellets, post-use polymers (LDPE, PP, PS and PET), as well as marine litter-derived microplastic particles, were deployed underwater for up to 12 months in the small boat harbour of Tromsø, Northern Norway. The deployment device consisted of an empty stainless steel SPMD canister, with the various plastic types placed in reusable, empty 'teabags' made of PP, placed separately in nylon netting. Sampling was conducted 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after deployment. Hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants such as PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs and pesticides that had become associated with the plastic were measured and their adsorption kinetics in seawater under Arctic conditions established. Samples were extracted using ultrasound and non-polar solvents, followed by GPC and SPE clean up prior to chemical analysis and quantification by GC/MS/MS and GC/qMS. The release kinetics of common plastic additives, including phthalates, organophosphate esters, bisphenols and perfluorinated chemicals, were estimated from four types of post-industrial virgin pellets (LDPE, PS, PVC, PET) according to the same sampling protocol. Chemical analysis was performed using either GC/MS or LC-QTOF.

Results show that HCB and PCBs represented the dominant pollutant classes adsorbing to all of the different polymer types, but at concentrations that are more than 10-times lower than those previously reported. However, equilibrium between pollutants and the polymers was not reached during the deployment period, indicating that Arctic conditions may result in different sorption kinetics than observed in temperate regions.

2018

North Hemisphere air quality transects to assess legacy and emerging semivolatile organic contaminants

Ratola, Nuno; Cincinelli, Alessandra; Pieri, Francesca; Montesinos, Sonia; Schuster, Jasmin K.; Katsoyiannis, Athanasios A.; Del Vento, Sabino; Graf, Carola; Moeckel, Claudia; Martellini, Tania; Breivik, Knut; Lacorte, Silvia; Jiménez-Guerrero, Pedro; Santos, Lucia; Alves, Arminda; Sweetman, Andrew J.; Jones, Kevin C.

2018

Effect of filter type in ventilation systems on NO2 concentrations in classrooms

Yang, Aileen; Nikolaisen, Kristian Fredrik; Holøs, Sverre Bjørn; Thunshelle, Kari; Dauge, Franck Rene; Mysen, Mads

2018

Dynamical climate predictions at the Bjerknes Center

Wang, Yiguo; Counillon, Francois; Keenlyside, Noel; kimmritz, Madlen; Bethke, Ingo; Langehaug, Helene R.; Li, Fei

2018

Development and current S2D prediction skill of the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model

Wang, Yiguo; Counillon, Francois; Keenlyside, Noel; kimmritz, Madlen; Bethke, Ingo; Langehaug, Helene R.; Li, Fei

2018

Nitric oxide response to the April 2010 electron precipitation event

Smith-Johnsen, Christine; Marsh, Daniel R.; Orsolini, Yvan; Nesse Tyssøy, Hilde; Sandanger, Marit Irene J.; Ødegaard, Linn-Kristine Glesnes; Stordal, Frode

2018

Long-term trend in PCB and PBDE concentrations in ambient air: The TOMPS network and the UK-Norway transect

Graf, Carola; Breivik, Knut; Jones, Kevin C; Sweetman, Andrew J

The UK Toxic Organic Micro Pollutants (TOMPs) Network, which has operated since 1991, collects ambient air samples at six urban, rural, and semi-rural sites across England and Scotland, using high-volume active air samplers [1]. Furthermore, in 1994, a latitudinal sampling transect from the south of England to the north of Norway was established with eleven sampling sites, mainly in remote locations, using Semi-Permeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers [2]. Both networks provide continuous, long-term ambient air trend data for a range of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), including PCBs and PBDEs, and have helped demonstrating a decline in POPs air concentrations over the last three decades. However, in recent years no further significant declines have been observed. SumPCB and SumPBDE levels in the UK are lowest at the rural sites and highest for the urban sites (TOMPs), and they generally decrease from the south of England to the north of Norway (UK/Norway) in line with expectations. Higher values at less remote sites and sites downwind from population centres show that POPs concentrations may still mainly be influenced by primary emissions. Concentrations at semi-rural sites lie between rural and urban sites; however, they can exceed the latter in some years. This can probably be attributed to short-term local effects. The data from the TOMPs network shows that concentrations of PCBs are higher in warmer than in colder months, while the seasonal patterns are less uniform for PBDEs.

2018

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