Rapport

Status report of air quality in Europe for year 2024, using validated and up-to-date data

Targa, Jaume; Colina, María; Banyuls, Lorena; Ortiz, Alberto González; Soares, Joana

This report presents summarised information on the status of air quality in Europe in 2024, based on Up-To-Date data (i.e. prior to final quality control) and validated air quality monitoring data officially reported by the member and cooperating countries of the EEA. It aims at giving more timely and preliminary information on the status of ambient air quality in Europe in 2024 for five key air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2 and SO2). The report also gives a preliminary assessment of the progress towards meeting the European air quality standards for the protection of health and the World Health Organization air quality guideline levels, and compares the air quality status in 2024 with the previous years. The preliminary data reported for 2024 shows that 7% and 13% of the monitoring stations exceeded the EU standards for PM10 and O3, respectively. The WHO AQG for PM2.5, PM10, O3 and SO2 were exceeded by 93%, 59%, 98% and 3%, respectively. Exceedances of the NO2 limit value still occur in 7 reporting countries and NO2 WHO AQG occur in all reporting countries.

ETC/HE

Metaller, PCB, PAH og dioksiner i mose i Sør-Varanger. Moseundersøkelser 2008, 2015 og 2020

Berglen, Tore Flatlandsmo; Uggerud, Hilde Thelle; Schlabach, Martin; Eckhardt, Sabine; Enge, Ellen Katrin; Bjørklund, Morten; Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo; Aandahl, Tone R.; Fjelldal, Erling

I 2008 samlet Svanhovd Miljøsenter inn mose ved 11 lokaliteter i grenseområdene mot Russland som NILU analyserte for 11 metaller, PCB, PAH og dioksiner. Formålet var å undersøke om det var andre kilder til forurensning i grenseområdene enn gruvedrift og smelteverksindustri. Prøvetaking og analyse ble gjentatt av NILU i 2015 og 2020, men kun for 60 (2015) og 56 (2020) metaller. For spormetallene Ni, Cu, Co og As er det et klart mønster med forhøyede konsentrasjoner nedstrøms Nikel og Zapolyarnyj. Organiske miljøgifter viser lave konsentrasjoner.

NILU

Hendelse Mongstad 15. februar 2024. Vurdering av utslipp til luft i forbindelse med fakling

Berglen, Tore Flatlandsmo; Markelj, Miha; Stebel, Kerstin; Yttri, Karl Espen; Hak, Claudia

NILU

Spredningsberegninger Ferrozink Trondheim AS. Dokumentasjon i forbindelse med utslippstillatelse

Berglen, Tore Flatlandsmo; Markelj, Miha

NILU

Utslipp til luft ved Miljø Norge AS. Målinger av PFAS og støv

Halvorsen, Helene Lunder; Celentano, Samuel; Hanssen, Linda; Hartz, William Frederik; Berglen, Tore Flatlandsmo

NILU

Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in the terrestrial and aquatic environment at remote Arctic sites

Nipen, Maja; Hartz, William Frederik; Schulze, Dorothea; Christensen, Guttorm; Løge, Oda Siebke; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla

Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are widely used chemicals with high emissions to the atmosphere due to their volatility. They are found in the Arctic atmosphere, indicating potential for long-range transport. This study examined the potential for deposition of cVMS (D4, D5, D6) to surface media via snow in Arctic regions. Results showed low cVMS levels in vegetation, soil, sediment, and marine biota. D4 was detected above detection limits but generally below quantification limits, while D5 and D6 were generally not detected. This aligns with current research, suggesting negligible cVMS input from atmospheric deposition via snow and snow melt.

NILU

Critical review of the atmospheric composition observing capabilities for monitoring and forecasting

Eckman, Richard S.; Tanimoto, Hiroshi; Petropavlovskikh, Irina; Simpson, Isobel; Kazadzis, Stelios; Tørseth, Kjetil; Oda, Tomohiro; Lambert, Jean-Christopher; Houweling, Sander; Lakkala, Kaisa; Geddes, Jeffrey; Walker, John; Cooper, Owen R.; Van Weele, Michiel; Moreno, Sergi; Dulguerov, Leilani; Cui, Yuyan; Tarasova, Oksana; Turnbull, John; Thompson, Rona Louise; Zhou, Lihang

WMO

Datarapport: Analyse av gadolinium, Komp-540, ioheksol, jod og acetat i miljøprøver. DNV-prosjekt: Overvåking utenfor Ramslandsvågen 2024

Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo; Skaar, Jøran Solnes; Davanger, Kirsten; Rostkowski, Pawel; Gundersen, Hans; Vadset, Marit; Bjørneby, Stine Marie

NILU

Integrating Low-cost Sensor Systems and Networks to Enhance Air Quality Applications

Amegah, Kofi; Basart, Sara; Diez, Sebastiàn; Rosales, Colleen Marciel F.; Zimmerman, Naomi; Archer, Jan-Michael; Barreto, África; Bi, Jianzhao; Biggs, Russ; Castell, Nuria; deSouza, Priyanka; Dye, Tim; Fujita, Ryo; Giordano, Michael R.; Gonzalez, Marisa E.; Hasenkopf, Christa; Hassani, Amirhossein; Hodoli, Collins Gameli; Hofman, Jelle; Huneeus, Nicolás Jorge; Jayaratne, Rohan; Kroll, Jesse H.; Labrador, Lorenzo; Legri, Radouane; Levy, Robert C.; Marques, Tomas; Martins, Leila Droprinchinski; McMahon, Ethan; Mead, Mohammed Iqbal; Molina, Luisa T.; Montgomery, Anastasia; Morawska, Lidia; Ning, Zhi; Peltier, Richard; Popoola, Olalekan; Rojas, Néstor; Retama, Armando; Schneider, Philipp; Shairsing, Kerolyn; Strużewska, Joanna; Tang, Beiming; Van Poppel, Martine; Westervelt, Daniel M.; Zhang, Yang; Zheng, Mei

Low-cost air quality sensor systems (LCS) are emerging technologies for policy-relevant air quality analysis, including pollution levels, source identification, and forecasting. This report discusses LCS use in networks and alongside other data sources for comprehensive air quality applications, complementing other WMO publications on LCS operating principles, calibration, performance assessment, and data communication.

The LCS’s utility lies in their ability to provide new insights into air quality that existing data sources may not offer. While LCS data must be verified, their integration with other data sources can enhance understanding and management of air quality. In areas without reference-grade monitors, LCS can identify factors affecting local air quality and guide future monitoring efforts. Combining LCS data with satellite and other air quality systems can improve data reliability and establish corroborating evidence for observed trends. LCS can extend the spatial coverage of existing monitoring networks, offering localized insights and supporting effective air quality management policies. Co-locating LCS with reference-grade monitors helps quantify measurement uncertainties and apply LCS data appropriately for forecasting, source impact analysis, and community engagement.

World Meteorological Organization

Screening of compounds in tire wear road run off

Hanssen, Linda; Schmidt, Natascha; Nikiforov, Vladimir

Tire related additive chemicals can leach out and enter the environment. Road run-off and recipient waters are particularly prone to contamination by these chemicals, though data from large screening studies is lacking. Here, we present data from water (road run-off & recipients, atmospheric deposition (rain), snow), sediment (marine, snow dumping sites) and biota (blue mussels) samples collected in the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to provide a first assessment of the presence of tire related chemicals in road run-off and associated samples in the Nordic countries. Tire related additive chemicals were detected in 85 out of 87 samples, with varying concentrations depending on the sample type and location.

Nordic Council of Ministers

Investigating snow deposition of cyclic siloxanes in an Arctic environment

Nipen, Maja; Hartz, William Frederik; Bäcklund, Are; Schulze, Dorothea; Christensen, Guttorm; Løge, Oda Siebke; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla

cVMS are high production volume chemicals that are used for a wide range of industrial and domestic applications. Given the high volatility of cVMS, emissions occur mainly to the atmosphere, and cVMS are present in the Arctic atmosphere, e.g. at the Zeppelin Observatory near Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, suggesting potential for long-range atmospheric transport. A study to investigate whether cVMS have the potential to deposit to surface media, and thereby represent a potential risk to the terrestrial or marine environment in polar and Arctic regions was carried out. Overall, cVMS levels in samples of vegetation, soil, sediment and marine biota were low. D4 was detected in most samples at concentrations above LOD, but below LOQ, while D5 and D6 were generally not detected. The low cVMS concentrations in soil, vegetation, sediments, and fish are in line with most current research on cVMS in remote regions, which together suggest that input of cVMS from atmospheric deposition and snow melt is likely not a major contributing source.

NILU

Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components

Fagerli, Hilde; Benedictow, Anna Maria Katarina; Blake, Lewis R.; van Caspel, Willem Elias; Denby, Bruce; Gauss, Michael; Jonson, Jan Eiof; Klein, Heiko; Lange, Gunnar Felix; Mousing, Erik Askov; Nyiri, Agnes; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Segers, Arjo; Simpson, David; Tsyro, Svetlana; Valdebenito Bustamante, Alvaro Moises; Wind, Peter Ariaan; Aas, Wenche; Fiebig, Markus; Hjellbrekke, Anne-Gunn; Solberg, Sverre; Tørseth, Kjetil; Yttri, Karl Espen; Redeyoff, Oscar; Matthews, Bradley; Schindlbacher, Sabine; Ullrich, Bernhard; Wankmüller, Robert; Scheuschner, Thomas; Kuenen, Jeroen J.P.; Guevara, Marc; Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc; Dominutti, Pamela; Uzu, Gaelle; Conil, Sébastien; Favez, Olivier; Močnik, Griša

Norwegian Meteorological Institute