Fant 416 publikasjoner. Viser side 4 av 18:
Equinor Mongstad. Spredningsberegninger av utslipp til luft.
NILU har vurdert spredning av utslipp til luft fra Mongstad raffineri. Bakgrunnen er krav fra Miljødirektoratet i forbindelse med ny virksomhetstillatelse. Fokus i studien er på NOx, SOx og støv/partikler. Timemiddelkonsentrasjoner er beregnet ved hjelp av modellen CONCX. Regionale beregninger av konsentrasjoner og avsetning er utført med WRF-EMEP modellsystem. CONCX-beregningene viser at maksimalt beregnet timemiddel er langt lavere enn norske grenseverdier. WRF-EMEP-beregningene viser lave maksimumsverdier av NOx/NO2, SO2 og svevestøv/PM10 i nærområdet til Mongstad raffineri. Alle beregnede maksimumsverdier er lavere enn norske grenseverdier. Av utslippene fra Mongstad avsettes 12 % av nitrogen, 17 % av svovel og 18 % av PM10 innenfor det innerste gridet (105 x 105 km2). Som et tillegg er det gjort vurderinger av de prioriterte stoffene bly, kvikksølv, krom, PCB7, kadmium og arsen. Bidraget fra Mongstad raffineri er lite.
NILU
2020
Screening program 2018. Volatiles, Gd, BADGE, UV filters, Additives, and Medicines.
This screening project has focused on the occurrence and environmental fate of chemicals with possible PBT-properties. Samples were from indoor environments, surface waters, municipal wastewater, and the receiving marine environment. Some of the detected chemicals need to be studied in more detail. One UV-filter compound shows a potential environmental risk.
NILU
2019
Målinger av SO2 i omgivelsene til Elkem Carbon og REC Solar. September 2019 – august 2020.
På oppdrag fra Elkem Carbon AS har NILU utført målinger av SO2 i omgivelsene til Elkem Carbon og REC Solar i Vågsbygd
(Kristiansand kommune). Bedriftene ble pålagt av Miljødirektoratet å gjennomføre SO2-målinger i omgivelsesluft. Målingene ble utført med SO2-monitor i boligområdet på Fiskåtangen (Konsul Wilds vei) og med passive SO2-prøvetakere ved 6 steder rundt bedriftene. Rapporten dekker målinger i perioden 1. september 2019 – 31. august 2020. Norske grenseverdier for luftkvalitet (SO2) ble overholdt ved Konsul Wilds Vei for alle midlingsperioder krevet i forurensningsforskriften (årsmiddel, vintermiddel, døgnmiddel og timemiddel). De mest belastede stedene i måleperioden var Konsul Wilds vei og Fiskåveien rett sør for bedriftene.
NILU
2020
Epidemiological studies have increasingly shown that ambient air pollution is not only associated with mortality but also with the occurrence of a number of long and short-term diseases. Further, the Global Burden of Disease study clearly indicated, that e. g. particulate matter pollution is also associated with a considerable burden of disease related to morbidity effects.
In addition to the most recent EEA’s health risk assessments, this report estimates the morbidity related health burden associated with exposure to the same three key air pollutants: fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3). Years lived with disability (YLDs) or attributable hospitalisation cases are assessed for the year 2019 for numerous European countries, depending on the respective data availability. Besides, the methodological approach as well as reviews on evidence-based health outcomes, health data and concentration-response functions are provided.
For the ten considered risk-outcome pairs, the results showed the highest morbidity related burden of disease in Europe for PM2.5 associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with 51.6 YLDs per 100 000 inhabitants ≥25 years. For NO2 the highest morbidity burden resulted from diabetes mellitus (DM) with 54.6 YLDs per 100 000 inhabitants ≥35 years. For short-term O3 exposure hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases were estimated at 18 attributable cases per 100 000 inhabitants ≥65 years.
In addition to the estimates, the report contains suggestions for further sensitivity analyses. These would allow a better assessment of the effects resulting from different input data on the results.
The estimations presented in this report are the first of its kind that are carried out for a wide range of morbidity health outcomes associated with different outdoor air pollutants in Europe, using a consistent methodology and data from European health databases.
ETC/HE
2022
ThermoFisher Scientific
2018
2018
Nivåer av tungmetaller og PCBer i elgkjøtt fra Sør-Varanger 2020
Under høstjakta på elg (Alces alces) i 2020 ble det tatt vevsprøver til analyser av tungmetaller og PCB. Tungmetallprøver ble tatt av 24 individer; 4 hunnkalver, 4 hannkalver, 3 hanner av åringer og 13 okser (voksne hanner). PCB analyser ble gjort av vevsprøver som ble tatt av 2 hunnkalver, 3 hannkalver, 2 hann-åringer og 9 okser (totalt 16 dyr). De felte dyrene har god geografisk spredning fra sør til nord og nord-øst i kommunen. Tungmetallene som ble analysert var krom (Cr), nikkel (Ni), kobber (Cu), sink (Zn), arsen (As), sølv (Ag), kadmium (Cd), tinn (Sn), bly (Pb) og kvikksølv (Hg). PCB ble analysert for 34 kongenere pluss sumPCB6 og sumPCB7. De fleste konsentrasjonene av tungmetallene var svært lave og flere var under deteksjonsgrensene. Ellers var det bare sporadiske lave forekomster av de 32 PCBene som ble funnet i noen av de undersøkte elgene. Det var bare heksaklorbensen som ble detektert i alle prøvene fra elgene).
NIBIO
2023
Nasjonalt veikart for CO2M/CO2MVS
På vegne av Norsk Romsenter har NILU – Norsk institutt for luftforskning og CICERO Senter for klimaforskning utarbeidet et veikart for hvordan Norge kan nyttiggjøre seg data fra CO2 Monitoring-satellittene (CO2M) og tjenesten CO2-emissions Monitoring and Verification Support Capacity (CO2MVS) i forvaltning, forskningsmiljøer og næringsliv. Veikartet avslutter med anbefalinger for veien videre for Norge vedrørende CO2M og CO2MVS.
NILU
2023
2018
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen, Copper, HCB, BDE-99, SCCP and PFOS to the Baltic Sea in 2020.
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
2022
Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2017
This programme, “Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord” has covered sampling and analyses
of sediment and organisms in a marine food web of the Inner Oslofjord, in addition to samples of
blood and eggs from herring gull and eider duck. The programme also included inputs of pollutants
via surface water (storm water), and effluent water and sludge from a sewage treatment plant. The
bioaccumulation potential of the contaminants in the Oslo fjord food web was evaluated. The
exposure to/accumulation of the contaminants was also assessed in birds. A vast number of chemical
parameters have been quantified, in addition to some biological effect parameters in cod, and the
report serves as valuable documentation of the concentrations of these chemicals in different
compartments of the Inner Oslofjord marine ecosystem.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2018
Air quality in Norwegian cities in 2015. Evaluation Report for NBV Main Results.
This report documents the final deliveries of the first phase of development of the Norwegian Air Quality Planning Tool,
also called “Nasjonalt Beregningsverktøy” or NBV. The main purpose of NBV is to provide a common methodological and
information platform for local air quality modelling applications. The system is addressed to local and regional
environmental authorities, air quality experts and consulting companies. It is intended to help them meet the requirements
of current air quality legislation, to support local air quality planning and facilitate air quality good practices where people live.
The report constitutes a comprehensive user guide for the NBV services available at http://www.luftkvalitet-nbv.no. It
presents each of the different products developed at NBV, documents how the product has been calculated, provides
recommendations on how best to use it for planning purposes and explains the main strengths and limitations of each
product. The report also includes an extensive validation of the air quality information currently available at NBV.
NILU
2018
EEA-33 Industrial Emissions Country Profiles. Methodology report. Updated July 2020.
The industrial emissions country profiles summarise key data related to industry: its relevance with respect to economic contributions, energy and water consumption, as well as air and water emissions and waste generation. The country profiles are developed for the EEA-33 countries which includes the 28 EU Member States together with Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey.
The present revision (v. 3.0) of this report includes data available at date of release. This year, a new reporting, the so-called EU-Registry and thematic data reporting, is introduced in order to gather the former E-PRTR, LCP and IED reportings and finally replace them. The 2018 data are not yet readily available. Nevertheless, more quality checks have been performed on the latest E-PRTR database in order to have the cleanest final E-PRTR dataset possible. Hence, the industrial emissions country profiles are enriched with the most up-to-date data sources while still only covering the years up to 2017.
This report describes the underlying methodology to the industrial emissions country profiles that are presented as a Tableau story on the EEA webpages ([1]).
The scope of industry in this respect includes in short all industrial activities reported under the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) excluding agriculture (activity code 7.(a) and 7.(b)). The data sources include Eurostat, the E-PRTR, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reported under the Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (MMR) and air pollutant emission inventories reported under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP), each of which have their own data categories. A recently developed EEA-mapping which align these different categories is used ([2]). The data sources and industry scope is presented in full detail in the Annexes following this report.
The water and air pollutants including greenhouse gases are selected based on criteria related to their relative impact. Emissions of heavy metals to air and water have been combined by weighted averages using both eco toxicology and human toxicology characterisation factors ([3]). The amounts of hazardous and non-hazardous waste reported under Eurostat is presented, but excluding the major mineral waste that dominates the mining and construction sectors.
The data quality is evaluated and gap filling of Eurostat data is performed when needed. A method for E-PRTR outlier handling is proposed and applied where appropriate.
The significance of industry, given by gross value added (GVA), energy consumption and water use, as well as generation of waste are presented in the Tableau story as a sector percentage of EEA-33 gross total as well as percentage of country total. The trend in air and water pollution is presented as totals per pollutants relative to the latest year (2017). For the latest year the emissions are also given as percentage per sector relative to country total. The details on how the presented data is processed and aggregated is described in Annex 2.
The report is to a large extent based on previous methodology reports for “Industrial pollution country profiles”, but is also further developed to reflect feedback received through Eionet review and general requests from EEA and the European Commission.
ETC/ATNI
2020
Revidert tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Stavanger
Tiltaksutredningen for lokal luftkvalitet i Stavanger, med handlingsplan og tiltak, skal bidra til at forurensningsnivået holder seg innenfor kravene i forurensningsforskriften. I tillegg belyser denne utredningen tiltak som vil være med på å redusere nivåene sammenlignet med helsemyndighetenes anbefaling til luftkvalitet. Tiltaksutredningen omfatter en kartlegging av luftkvaliteten i Stavanger ved trafikkberegninger og utslipps- og spredningsberegninger for PM10, PM2,5 og NO2 for Dagens situasjon 2018 og Framtidig situasjon 2024 med og uten tiltak. Basert på resultatene fra beregningene og i samarbeid med oppdragsgiver, er det foreslått en revidert handlings- og beredskapsplan som skal behandles politisk.
NILU
2020
Beregning av korrosjonsklasse fra miljøparametere i Fitjar. Lokasjon (59°56’11.5″N 5°19’58.4″Ø)
Korrosjonsklasse ble beregnet på lokasjon (59°56'11.5"N 5°19'58.4"Ø) i Fitjar, Vestland, Norge, fra årsgjennomsnitt for miljøparametere etter ISO 9223 og ISO 12944-2. Det ble funnet at korrosjonsklassen med høy sannsynlighet er C3 og at dette i hovedsak er bestemt av våt-tiden på omtrent 4500 timer/år, som gjennomsnitt i perioden 2007-2022. Dette er godt innenfor grensene for C3 når saltavsetningen er < 60 mg Cl-/m2døgn og SO2 konsentrasjonen i luft < 30 µg/m3. Disse betingelsene synes med stor sannsynlighet oppfylt på lokasjonen i Fitjar som årsgjennomsnitt i normalår.
NILU
2022
The main goal of this feasibility study was to evaluate the potential of adding value to the Sentinel 5P TROPOMI methane product over Norway and the Arctic through the synergistic use of relevant observations from other Sentinel satellites and machine learning. We assessed the data availability of ESA operational and research-based WFMD XCH4 products over the Northern hemisphere, the Nordic countries and the Arctic/Northern latitudes. ESA’s XCH4 data have poor coverage over Norway. Seeing the two datasets as complementary, seems to be the most reasonable approach for utilization them. Furthermore, we investigated potential synergies between satellite products from different platforms. A random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm was implemented. It shows the importance of daytime land surface temperature (LST) as predictor variable for CH4. Our results indicate that the RF-model has a very good capability of filling small gaps in the data.
NILU
2022
A life cycle perspective on the benefits of renewable electricity generation
In this report, the benefits of the use of RES to produce electricity are investigated from a life cycle perspective. Six different impact indicators for the production of electricity are estimated for all Member States in the period 2005 to 2018 for a total of sixteen different renewable and non-RES. Results show variability in impact intensities across Member States and years, depending among others on fuel conversion efficiency (for electricity produced using combustion processes) and capacity utilization (for electricity producing from non-combustion processes, such as wind power). Finally, an estimate is given on gross avoided impact by comparing historic values to a counterfactual scenario where the level of electricity production from RES is frozen at 2005 level. Results show that the increased use of photovoltaic and wind power have contributed significantly to gross avoided impacts across the investigated impact indicators. A trade-off is that the increased use of PV appears to have increased potential ecotoxicity related impacts of the European electricity production system. The increased use of solid biomass for the generation of electricity and heat generally has a positive effect on avoided impacts, at the cost of increased potential land occupation. Overall, these finding can aid policy makers and private actors direct efforts towards specific areas which offer opportunities to decrease the impacts.
ETC/CME
2020
This paper examines the creation of fine resolution maps at 100 m x 100 m resolution using statistical downscaling for the area of Prague, as a case study. This Czech city was selected due to the fine resolution proxy data available for this city. The reference downscaling methodology used is the linear regression and the interpolation of its residuals by the area-to-point kriging. Next to this, several other methods of statistical downscaling have been also executed. The results of different downscaling methods have been compared mutually and against the data from the monitoring stations of Prague, separately for urban background and traffic areas.
The downscaled maps in 100 m x 100 m resolution have been constructed for the area of Prague for three pollutants, namely for NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. Several methods of the statistical downscaling have been compared mutually and against the data from the monitoring stations. In general, the best results are given by the linear regression and the interpolation of its residuals, either by the area-to-point kriging or the bilinear interpolation. In the maps, one can see overall realistic spatial patterns, the main roads in Prague are visible through higher air pollution levels. This is distinct especially for NO2, while for PM10 and PM2.5 the differences between road increments and urban background are smaller as would be expected. The results of the case study for Prague have proven the usefulness of the statistical downscaling for the air quality mapping, especially for NO2. In addition, the population exposure estimates based on the downscaled mapping results have been also calculated.
ETC/HE
2023
2023
There is considerable interest in identifying chemicals which have the potential to undergo long-range environmental transport (LRTP), accumulate in remote regions, and represent a possible risk to environmental and human health. In this report, we have screened a list of 1,000 organic chemicals, as well as selected brominated dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs), for their potential to be dispersed, transferred to, and accumulated in remote regions. This screening was carried out applying a new set of LRTP metrics, collectively referred to as the emissions fractions approach (EFA), as implemented in a modified version of the OECD POV and LRTP (long-range transport potential) Screening Tool (The Tool).
NILU
2023
This report studies the distribution and fate of contaminants such as mercury (Hg), cyclic volatile methylated siloxanes (cVMS: D4, D5, D6), brominated flame retardants (BFR, PBDEs), alkylphenols, organic phosphorous flame retardants (oPFR), poly- and perfluorated alkyl substances (PFAS), new brominated flame retardants (nBFR) and UV-chemicals. Samples of the pelagic food web of Lake Mjøsa (zooplankton, Mysis, vendace, European smelt and brown trout) and the top predator brown trout in Lake Femunden are studied. Results are compared to environmental quality standards (EQS) and the time trends for major contaminants are studied.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2019