Fant 416 publikasjoner. Viser side 6 av 18:
The EmSite model for high resolution emissions from machinery in construction sites
The report describes the EmSite model developed to estimate exhaust and non-exhaust emissions from non-road mobile
machinery (NRMM) used in building and construction. The model is based on a complete national database of the exact
location of construction and building activity, machine registries and variables that affect emissions (ground conditions, meteorology, type of ground material). EmSite model allows us to determine, i) the location, area and time of construction projects at fine resolution; ii) energy demand for NRMM; and iii) fuel consumption, air pollutants and GHGs emissions. For exhaust emissions, specific dynamic emission factors for NRMMs were developed. For non-exhaust emissions, an approach based on the Tier 1 (EMEP/EEA Guidebook, 2019) was chosen. EmSite allows for bottom-up estimates for NRMM employed in construction, and the results are comparable with official air pollutant and GHGs emissions.
NILU
2022
Air Quality in Ny-Ålesund. Monitoring of Local Air Quality 2018.
The concentrations of the measured components are generally low and below national limit values for the protection of
human health and critical levels for the protection of vegetation.
Wind from northern sectors gave the highest average concentrations of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide, which
indicates the power station and the harbour as possible sources. The measurement results for CO2 show an annual variation with higher concentrations in the winter and lower in summer. Measured concentrations of CO were most likely caused by local snowmobile traffic.
NILU
2019
NILU and Hydro Aluminium performed a test campaign for measurements of CF4 and C2F6 for stack emissions at Husnes
Aluminium Smelter. Time-integrated samples were taken with evacuated canisters combined with low-flow restrictors for
continuous sampling periods as long as 6 weeks. The samples were analyzed at NILU with a Medusa preconcentration
method combined with GC-MS SIM. As a main conclusion, time integrated sampling together with Medusa GC-MS
methodology is a very precise alternative to the traditional attempts to quantify PFC-emission.
NILU
2022
The aim of this pilot-study was to use silicone rubber-based passive samplers to measure novel brominated flame retardants (nBFRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dechlorane plus (DP) in seawater and air around Longyearbyen as well as investigate the presence of those compounds in sediment and biota (amphipods, Gammarus spp.) nearby Longyearbyen. Passive samplers require no electricity and provide an integrated picture of the levels of the targeted compounds over time. The results were combined with the sampled sediment and Gammarus spp. to assess concentrations in the environment. Out of all substances under study, PBDE-47 and -99, α- and β- tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH), syn- and anti-DP were detected in all investigated matrices. Freely dissolved water concentrations of ΣDPs (3 pg/L) were in line with recent Arctic studies, while ΣPBDEs (3 pg/L) were comparable to urban rivers in southern Norway. Nevertheless, for some compounds, especially the lighter and most volatile ones, long-range transport is most likely a more important contribution to observed levels than local sources. For other compounds, e.g. PBDEs, local sources might still play a role for the load of contaminants into the surrounding environment. The present study is the first to report a suit of nBFRs and DPs in Arctic benthic fauna. Many of the nBFRs and DPs were detected in sediment and in the amphipods. We recommend further studies with respect to measurements of concentrations over time, and in other species as well, to better understand whether the nBFRs and DPs are common in the marine environment on Svalbard. We recommend that local sources of flame retardants in remote areas receive more attention in the future.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2018
In this report, we investigate the relative expanded uncertainty (REU) formula for comparing low-cost sensors (microsensors) and reference measurements. The purpose of the REU formula is to check if microsensor measurements follow the data quality objective (DQO) of the European Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC to be considered equivalent to a reference instrument. The project aimed to obtain a good understanding of the REU formula for its proper use in current and future projects involving microsensors.
NILU
2020
Air quality in 7 Norwegian municipalities in 2015. Summary report for NBV results.
This report documents the methodology used to compile air quality information for the year 2015 in seven Norwegian municipality areas under the first phase of development of the Norwegian Air Quality Planning Tool, also called “Nasjonalt Beregningsverktøy” or NBV. It follows a similar structure to and complements the final report entitled “Air quality in 7 Norwegian municipalities in 2015 – Summary report for NBV results” (NILU rapport 21/2017) where information on air quality in the seven main city areas in Norway was presented.
This report constitutes a user guide for the NBV-services, available at http://www.luftkalitet-nbv.no, in municipal areas. It provides recommendations on how to best use each product for air quality planning purposes and explains the main strengths and limitations of the results. The NBV air quality data for municipalities is subject to larger uncertainties than the data available for the main Norwegian city areas and this has to be taken into consideration when analyzing the results.
NILU
2018
Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
2023
Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes in 2023. Annual report
This annual report for 2023 summarizes the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin Observatory, situated on Svalbard, during the period 2001-2023, and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009-2023.
NILU
2024
Model development for high-resolution emissions from residential wood combustion
In this report, we describe the MetVed model developed to estimate emissions from residential wood combustion (RWC) at high spatial-temporal resolution. The model uses a downscaling method approach, which builds on bottom-up principles and derive a wood burning potential for each grid based on the housing type, size and heating technology, energy demand and outdoor temperature of each grid. The model builds on the combination of several databases with information at high level of detail. The databases contain geo-localised information about dwelling number and type, energy consumption statistics, fireplace and stove locations, and the available technology for residential heating. The datasets are combined and the dependencies between the different variables are analysed. MetVed includes the time variation for RWC based on the heating degree concept combined with time-variation from consumer statistics, and the vertical distribution based on the RWC shared in apartment buildings versus houses. The results from the MetVed-model have shown to improve the accuracy of dispersion modelling results when compared with predictions based on previous emission inventories.
NILU
2018
NILU’s Environmental Management Report 2018
One of NILU’s main goals is to study the impact of pollution and supply decision-makers with a sound scientific platform for choosing measures to reduce the negative impacts. Furthermore, it is very important for the institute to have control of the impact the institute’s own activities may have on the environment and to reduce negative impacts as far as possible.
NILU has for many years been working to improve the status of the environment and to reduce negative impacts. In order to
take this one step further, it was decided that the institute should restructure the work according to a relevant environmental standard and to seek certification according to the same standard.
The chosen standard is ISO 14001 (Environmental management systems—Requirements with guidance for use) and NILU
achieved certification according to this standard in October 2010. This report summarizes the results of the system in 2018.
NILU
2019
Critical review of the atmospheric composition observing capabilities for monitoring and forecasting
WMO
2025
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen, Cadmium, Mercury and B(a)P to the Baltic Sea in 2022
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
2024
Monitoring of long-range transported air pollutants in Norway. Annual Report 2019.
This report presents results from the monitoring of atmospheric composition and deposition of air pollution in 2019, and focuses on main components in air and precipitation, particulate and gaseous phase of inorganic constituents, particulate carbonaceous matter, ground level ozone and particulate matter. In 2019, it was an unusual wide-spread episode during April causing high concentrations of most pollutants at several sites.
NILU
2020
Vurdering av CLEO for norske reindriftsutøvere
Denne rapporten er en evaluering av Local Environmental Observer (LEO) Network ved bruk av erfaringene fra pilottestene utført i perioden 2016-2020 av arktiske akademikere, urfolksinstitusjoner og samisk samfunn i Norge. Rapporten prøver å finne svar på hvordan man kan tilrettelegge for innrapportering av observasjoner på lokale miljøendringer blant norske reindriftsutøvere samt opprettholde en utstrakt bruk. Dette for å skape engasjement, bevisstgjøring, forsterke lokale stemmer og identifisere svar på viktige miljøutfordringer og mulige handlinger, og søke konstruktive og respektfulle måter å dele informasjon og samarbeid mellom ulike kunnskapssystemer.
Rapporten konkluderer med at for å gjøre det mulig for norske reindriftsutøvere å rapportere inn observasjoner av klimaendringer i miljøet, og legge til rette for en utstrakt og kontinuerlig bruk, bør det bygges en egen Sápmi løsning.
NILU
2021
2023
Status report of air quality in Europe for year 2019, using validated data
This report presents summarized information on the status of air quality in Europe in 2019, based on validated air quality monitoring data officially reported by the member and cooperating countries of the EEA. It aims at informing on the status of ambient air quality in Europe in 2019 and on the progress towards meeting the European air quality standards for the protection of health, as well as the WHO air quality guidelines. The report also compares the air quality status in 2019 with the previous three years. The pollutants covered in this report are particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), O3, NO2, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), SO2, CO, benzene and toxic metals (As, Cd, Ni, Pb). Measured concentrations above the European air quality standards for PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2 were reported by 21, 7, 24, and 22 European countries for 2019, respectively. Exceedances of the air quality standards for BaP, SO2, CO, and benzene were measured in, respectively, 14, 6, 3, and two European countries in 2019. Exceedances of European standards for toxic metals were reported by one country for Cd and Pb and by three countries for As and Ni.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Emission changes are the main driver of all air pollutant trends. For NO2 and PM10, both the GAM and the CTM results indicate that emission changes contribute to at least 90% of the 2000-2017 trend. For ozone peaks (as 4MDA8), meteorology can be important. The GAM model estimates that it contributes to an increase counteracting mitigation effort up to a magnitude of 20 to 80% (compared to the effect of emission and background changes) in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, and Italy. Given the good skill of the GAM model to capture meteorological effect, this estimate can be considered quite robust.
The relative contribution of agriculture and industry to the total PM10 mass has been reduced by around 30% for both sectors, but the similarity of evolution is not directly linked to the emission trends in the respective sectors. The relationship between emissions and concentrations is nonlinear and depends on availability of precursor gases to form ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate. The relative contribution of traffic sources to PM10 has been reduced with around 20%, while the trend attributed to residential heating is marginal. The heating sector has become a relatively more important contributor to the aerosol pollution and needs more attention. The model also indicates that the natural contributions (such as sea salt and dust) has had little impact on the long-term changes in PM10.
The analysis includes observational data only from stations with data available for at least 14 years in the period 2000-2017. This drastically reduces the number of monitoring sites included in the analysis and the spatial representativity of the assessment, with bias towards countries benefiting from a long-term monitoring network.
Further improvements of models as well as observational basis are needed to reduce the uncertainties. Understanding organic aerosols from the residential heating sector should be a priority.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Status report of air quality in Europe for year 2024, using validated and up-to-date data
This report presents summarised information on the status of air quality in Europe in 2024, based on Up-To-Date data (i.e. prior to final quality control) and validated air quality monitoring data officially reported by the member and cooperating countries of the EEA. It aims at giving more timely and preliminary information on the status of ambient air quality in Europe in 2024 for five key air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2 and SO2). The report also gives a preliminary assessment of the progress towards meeting the European air quality standards for the protection of health and the World Health Organization air quality guideline levels, and compares the air quality status in 2024 with the previous years. The preliminary data reported for 2024 shows that 7% and 13% of the monitoring stations exceeded the EU standards for PM10 and O3, respectively. The WHO AQG for PM2.5, PM10, O3 and SO2 were exceeded by 93%, 59%, 98% and 3%, respectively. Exceedances of the NO2 limit value still occur in 7 reporting countries and NO2 WHO AQG occur in all reporting countries.
ETC/HE
2025
Method for high resolution emission estimations from construction sites. Phase I: Mapping input data
This report presents the results from exploring the available input data to develop a model for estimating air pollutants and GHG-emissions based on a bottom-up approach, including both exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. The availability of
reliable input data is the limiting factor and the most critical part of designing such a bottom-up approach. In this study, we have focussed on assessing input data that allow defining; i) the exact location and area affected during building and construction; ii) the starting and finalization dates; iii) the type of construction activity; iv) the non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) activity within building and construction; v) roads in the vicinity of construction sites.
NILU
2021
Rapporten gir en oversikt over Norges luftkvalitetsmålenettverk. Alle målestasjoner som rapporterer måledata til EEA/ESA er beskrevet og plasseringen er vurdert i forhold til krav i EUs direktiver.
Omgivelsene til stasjonene er beskrevet og viktige kilder til utslipp er identifisert. Plasseringen av målestasjonene er dokumentert med kart og flybilde og retningsvisende fotografier av området.
Avvik fra plasseringskriteriene er dokumentert. Anbefalinger for justeringer er gitt for enkelte stasjoner.
NILU
2022