Fant 431 publikasjoner. Viser side 8 av 18:
2021
Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2022
This report presents data from the second year of a new 5-year period of the Urban Fjord programme. The programme started in 2013 and has since been altered/advanced. In 2022 the programme covers sampling and analyses of sediment, polychaetes, krill, shrimps, blue mussels, herring, cod, eider, and herring gull from the Inner Oslofjord. In addition, samples of Harbour seals from the Outer Oslofjord are analysed. A total of ~300 single compounds/isomers were analysed, and frequent detection was found of certain PFAS compounds (such as PFOS) in most matrices, certain QACs in sediment, MCCPs in most matrices (also SCCPs in birds and seals, as well as LCCPs in seals), D5 (siloxane) in all matrices, certain PBDEs (such as BDE 100) in most matrices, PCBs in all matrices, BCPS (phenolic) in seals and certain metals in all matrices. Biomagnification was observed for 28 PCB congeners and 6 PBDEs (lipid wt. basis). Furthermore, biomagnification was observed for 5 PFAS compounds, as well as for the metals As, Ag and Hg (wet wt. basis).
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2023
Status report of air quality in Europe for year 2020, using validated and up-to-date data
This report presents summarized information on the status of air quality in Europe in 2020, based on up-to date (i.e. prior to final quality control) and validated air quality monitoring data reported by the member and cooperating countries of the EEA. It aims at giving more timely and preliminary information on the status of ambient air quality in Europe in 2020 for five key air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2 and SO2). The report also gives a preliminary assessment of the progress towards meeting the European air quality standards for the protection of health and the World Health Organization air quality guidelines, and compares the air quality status in 2020 with the previous three years. The preliminary data reported for 2020 shows that more than 10% of the monitoring stations exceeded the EU standards for PM10 and O3 and the WHO guidelines for PM2.5, PM10, O3 and SO2 in the EU-27 and UK. Exceedances of the NO2 limit value and WHO guideline still occur in 9 countries of the EU-27 and the UK.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation: Annual report 2017.
This report summarizes the results from the Norwegian monitoring programme on stratospheric ozone and UV radiation measurements. The ozone layer has been measured at three locations since 1979: in Oslo, Tromsø/Andøya and Ny-Ålesund. The UV measurements started in 1995. The results show that there was a significant decrease in stratospheric ozone above Norway between 1979 and 1997. After that the ozone layer stabilized at a level ~2% below pre-1980 level. There are large inter-annual variations and in 2017 there were relatively low values at all the three Norwegian stations during the winter. However, the ozone situation normalized towards the end of spring.
NILU
2018
Status report of air quality in Europe for year 2023, using validated data
This report presents summarised information on the status of air quality in Europe in 2023, based on validated air quality monitoring data officially reported by the member and cooperating countries of the EEA. It aims at informing on the status of ambient air quality in Europe in 2023 and on the progress towards meeting the European air quality standards for the protection of health, as well as the WHO air quality guidelines. The report also compares the air quality status in 2023 with the previous years. The pollutants covered in this report are particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), tropospheric ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), benzene (C6H6) and toxic metals (As, Cd, Ni, Pb). Measured concentrations above the European air quality standards for PM10, PM2.5, O3, and NO2 were reported by 18, 6, 20, and 9 reporting countries for 2022, respectively. Exceedances of the air quality standards for BaP, SO2, CO, and benzene were measured in, respectively, 9, 2, 2, and 0 reporting countries in 2023. Exceedances of European standards for toxic metals were reported by 5 stations for As, none for Cd, 1 for Pb and 2 for Ni.
ETC/HE
2025
Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes in 2018. Annual report.
The report summaries the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin Observatory situated on Svalbard in Arctic Norway during the period 2001-2018, and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009-2018.
NILU
2019
Utslipp og spredning av Radon-220 fra Oncoinvent, Nydalen. Underlag for utslippssøknad.
NILU har studert og vurdert utslipp til luft av radon-220 fra Oncoinvent AS i Nydalen i Oslo. Studien danner underlag for utslippssøknad. Årlig omsøkt utslipp er 70 GBq. Det største bidraget til dose/eksponering kommer fra thorondøtrene, ikke fra thoron selv. Lokale spredningsberegninger med CONCX viser at ved sterk østlig vind kan røykfanen slå ned på takterrassen på bygget hvor Oncoinvent AS har sine produksjonslokaler. Beregnet årlig dose/eksponering fra utslipp fra Oncoinvent for en person som oppholder seg 520 timer årlig på terrassen er 0,7 µSv. Beregninger med FLEXPART-wrf for et 38×20 km2 modellområde viser størst aktivitetskonsentrasjon mot nordøst og mot sørvest, det vil si nedstrøms i fremherskende vindretning. Største dose beregnes ved utslippspunktet (1 nSv time-1) og ved takterrassen.
NILU
2022
2023
Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation. Annual Report 2022.
This report summarizes the results from the Norwegian monitoring programme on stratospheric ozone and UV radiation measurements. The ozone layer has been measured at three locations since 1979: In Oslo/Kjeller, Tromsø/Andøya and Ny-Ålesund. The UV-measurements started in 1995. The results show that there was a significant decrease in stratospheric ozone above Norway between 1979 and 1997. After that, the ozone layer stabilized at a level ~2% below pre-1980 level. The year 2022 was characterized by annual average total ozone values slightly below “normal”.
NILU
2023
NILU og Transportøkonomisk institutt (TØI) har på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet videreutviklet modellen NERVE («Norwegian Emissions from Road Vehicle Exhaust») for beregning av klimagassutslipp fra veitrafikken i norske kommuner. NERVE-modellen anvender de mest detaljerte datasettene for bilpark, utslippsfaktorer, trafikk og veier for spesifikke lokale forhold. Datasettene er kombinert i en datastruktur som gjør at resultat kan aggregeres på et lite eller et stort geografisk område. NERVE kan således betegnes som en «bottom-up»-utslippsmodell, fordi den er bygget opp «nedenfra» fra detaljerte datakilder. Denne rapporten presenterer metodikken og antagelsene bak beregningene med NERVE, og sammenligner resultat aggregert på nasjonalt nivå med annen tilgjengelig nasjonal statistikk.
NILU
2024
Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM)
2019
Monitoring of environmental contaminants in freshwater food webs (MILFERSK) 2022
Samples of a benthic food chain in Lake Mjøsa have been collected, and the concentrations of emerging contaminants such as
Siloxanes, PFAS, UV-compounds, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Musks, Benzothiazoles and Chlorinated paraffins in
addition to legacy contaminants such as Mercury, other Metals and PBDEs have been determined. For comparison, samples of
the top predator brown trout have been collected and analysed from Lake Femunden, a rural counterpart to the more urban
Lake Mjøsa.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2023
The Screening Programme 2021 was carried out by the Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) and NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research. The spotlight was placed on the occurrence and possible environmental problems of 218 chemicals. The selected substances may be included in numerous products and their usage patterns are not easily defined so an array of different locations and sample-types were investigated. The total number of results exceeds 26 000. Results are can be downloaded from the database Vannmiljø.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2022
Investigating snow deposition of cyclic siloxanes in an Arctic environment
cVMS are high production volume chemicals that are used for a wide range of industrial and domestic applications. Given the high volatility of cVMS, emissions occur mainly to the atmosphere, and cVMS are present in the Arctic atmosphere, e.g. at the Zeppelin Observatory near Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, suggesting potential for long-range atmospheric transport. A study to investigate whether cVMS have the potential to deposit to surface media, and thereby represent a potential risk to the terrestrial or marine environment in polar and Arctic regions was carried out. Overall, cVMS levels in samples of vegetation, soil, sediment and marine biota were low. D4 was detected in most samples at concentrations above LOD, but below LOQ, while D5 and D6 were generally not detected. The low cVMS concentrations in soil, vegetation, sediments, and fish are in line with most current research on cVMS in remote regions, which together suggest that input of cVMS from atmospheric deposition and snow melt is likely not a major contributing source.
NILU
2024
Screening Programme 2017 – AMAP Assessment Compounds
This report summarizes the findings of a screening study on the occurrence of emerging substances selected by AMAP and other related substances measured earlier. The study includes selected solvents, siloxanes, flame retardants, UV compounds, pesticides, bisphenols and other PBT compounds in effluent, ambient air, biota, and marine plastic.
NILU
2018
Plastic pollution is a global and increasing threat to ecosystems. Plastics in the oceans are unevenly distributed, are transported by currents and can now be found in the most remote environments, including Arctic sea ice. The entanglement of wildlife by large plastic debris such as ropes is an obvious and well documented threat. However, the risks associated with the ingestion of smaller plastic particles, including microplastics (< 5mm) have been largely overlooked. Recent studies show that microplastic accumulates in the food web. Even in the Arctic and the deep sea, fish frequently contain microplastics in their guts. This, together with the fact that small microplastic particles can pass from the gut into blood and organs and also leach associated toxic additives raises health concerns for wildlife that ingest microplastic.
Within the North Atlantic, plastic ingestion in seabirds has been studied systematically only in the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), for which plastic particles > 1mm found in the stomachs of dead (beached or bycaught) birds are quantified. With the origin of these birds being unknown, it is, however, impossible to assess how plastics affect populations even of this one monitored species, let alone for other seabird species that differ in their foraging behaviour and risk to ingest plastics.
This report sums up the results of a workshop which aimed to identify possibilities for long-term monitoring of (micro-) plastic ingestion by seabirds in the framework of SEAPOP, the basal programme monitoring the performance of Norwegian seabird populations (www.seapop.no). The key conclusions were: 1) There is a need for baseline information on plastic ingestion across all seabird species to identify which species and populations are most suitable for monitoring. To obtain this information, the best approach is to investigate the stomach contents of dead birds (i.e. comparable methodology across all species). For long-term monitoring, not only species with high plastic ingestion are of interest, but also those with low plastic prevalence. 2) In the absence of information from (1), eight species that are complementary in their foraging behaviour and have a wide distribution range were selected as preliminary species of interest to monitor plastic ingestion. 3) For minimally invasive monitoring, regurgitates, fresh prey items and faeces are most suitable; 4) More information on prevalence of plastic ingestion is needed to identify optimal sample sizes for long-term monitoring. We therefore highlight the need for several pilot studies before establishing a plastic monitoring protocol within SEAPOP.
Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA)
2019
Skogens helsetilstand i Norge. Resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i 2019
Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep.
Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter og nye som kan komme til Norge i nær framtid. I denne rapporten presenteres
resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i Norge i 2019 og trender over tid.....
NIBIO
2020
NILU og Urbanet Analyse har på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet utviklet modellen NERVE («Norwegian Emissions from Road
Vehicle Exhaust») for klimagassutslipp fra veitrafikken i norske kommuner. NERVE beregner klimagassutslipp fra
veitrafikken totalt innenfor hver kommune geografisk og for kommunens innbyggere, både som totalt utslipp og som en
utslippsfaktor (g/km). NERVE en en «bottom-up» modell som bygger på fire detaljerte datasett; 1) Veinettet ved alle
offentlige veier fra Nasjonal vegdatabank (NVDB), 2) trafikk på vei fra Regional Transport Model (RTM), 3)
kjørelengdestatistikken for norskregistrerte kjøretøy fra Statistisk Sentralbyrå Norge (SSB) og 4) utslippsfaktorer fra HBEFA(Hand Book of Emission FActors for Road Transport.
NILU
2018
This program, «Monitoring of environmental contaminants in freshwater ecosystems and single species in large Norwegian lakes”, has covered sampling and determination of environmental contaminants by analyses of organisms in an aquatic, pelagic food web of Lake Mjøsa, and in the top predator in Lake Femunden. Samples of different trophic levels, from epipelagic zooplankton to the top predator brown trout, were collected during the late stages of the growth season in 2019. In this report, the status of contamination in the food web, trends and biomagnification potential of various environmental contaminants is discussed.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2020
Monitoring of environmental contaminants in freshwater food webs (MILFERSK), 2023
This report presents data from the third year of a 5-year period of the MILFERSK program. In 2023 the monitoring program reports on the sampling and analyses of the pelagic food chain in Lake Mjøsa, with the following sample types: zooplankton, Mysis, E. smelt, vendace, and brown trout, in addition to brown trout from Lake Femunden. A total of 205 single compounds/isomers were determined, and frequent detections were found of specific PFAS, PBDEs, Hg and siloxanes through the food chain with biomagnifying properties. Some contaminants, such as octocrylene is found in higher concentrations in the lower trophic levels. A slight downwards trend is observed from 2014 – 2023 for PFOS in Lake Mjøsa. We also observe a lower length adjusted mercury concentration for brown trout in Lake Mjøsa for the period 2014 to 2023, compared to the 9 years prior (2006 – 2014).
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2024
Integrating Low-cost Sensor Systems and Networks to Enhance Air Quality Applications
Low-cost air quality sensor systems (LCS) are emerging technologies for policy-relevant air quality analysis, including pollution levels, source identification, and forecasting. This report discusses LCS use in networks and alongside other data sources for comprehensive air quality applications, complementing other WMO publications on LCS operating principles, calibration, performance assessment, and data communication.
The LCS’s utility lies in their ability to provide new insights into air quality that existing data sources may not offer. While LCS data must be verified, their integration with other data sources can enhance understanding and management of air quality. In areas without reference-grade monitors, LCS can identify factors affecting local air quality and guide future monitoring efforts. Combining LCS data with satellite and other air quality systems can improve data reliability and establish corroborating evidence for observed trends. LCS can extend the spatial coverage of existing monitoring networks, offering localized insights and supporting effective air quality management policies. Co-locating LCS with reference-grade monitors helps quantify measurement uncertainties and apply LCS data appropriately for forecasting, source impact analysis, and community engagement.
World Meteorological Organization
2024
The report provides the annual update of the European air quality concentration maps and population exposure estimates for human health related indicators of pollutants PM10 (annual average, 90.4 percentile of daily means), PM2.5 (annual average), ozone (93.2 percentile of maximum daily 8-hour means, SOMO35, SOMO10), NO2 (annual average) and benzo(a)pyrene (annual average), and vegetation related ozone indicators (AOT40 for vegetation and for forests) for the year 2020. The report contains also Phytotoxic ozone dose (POD) for wheat, potato and tomato maps and NOx annual average map for 2020. The benzo(a)pyrene map is presented for the first time in this regular mapping report. The trends in exposure estimates in the period 2005–2020 are summarized. The analysis for 2020 is based on the interpolation of the annual statistics of the 2020 observational data reported by the EEA member and cooperating countries and other voluntary reporting countries and stored in the Air Quality e-reporting database, complemented, when needed, with measurements from additional sources. The mapping method is the Regression – Interpolation – Merging Mapping (RIMM). It combines monitoring data, chemical transport model results and other supplementary data using linear regression model followed by kriging of its residuals (residual kriging). The paper presents the mapping results and gives an uncertainty analysis of the interpolated maps. It also presents concentration change in 2020 in comparison to the five-year average 2015-2019 using the difference maps.
ETC/HE
2023