Publikasjoner

Global occurrence, chemical properties, and ecological impacts of e-wastes (IUPAC Technical Report)

Purchase, Diane; Abbasi, Golnoush; Bisschop, Lieselot; Chatterjee, Debashish; Ekberg, Christian; Ermolin, Mikhail; Fedotov, Petr; Garelick, Hemda; Isimekhai, Khadijah; Kandile, Nadia G.; Lundström, Mari; Matharu, Avtar; Miller, Bradley W.; Pineda, Antonio; Popoola, Oluseun E.; Retegan, Teodora; Ruedel, Heinz; Serpe, Angela; Sheva, Yehuda; Surati, Kiran R.; Walsh, Fiona; Wilson, Benjamin P.; Wong, Ming Hung

The waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment grows exponentially, creating a worldwide pollution and resource problem. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) comprises a heterogeneous mix of glass, plastics (including flame retardants and other additives), metals (including rare Earth elements), and metalloids. The e-waste issue is complex and multi-faceted. In examining the different aspects of e-waste, informal recycling in developing countries has been identified as a primary concern, due to widespread illegal shipments; weak environmental, as well as health and safety, regulations; lack of technology; and inadequate waste treatment structure. For example, Nigeria, Ghana, India, Pakistan, and China have all been identified as hotspots for the disposal of e-waste. This article presents a critical examination on the chemical nature of e-waste and the resulting environmental impacts on, for example, microbial biodiversity, flora, and fauna in e-waste recycling sites around the world. It highlights the different types of risk assessment approaches required when evaluating the ecological impact of e-waste. Additionally, it presents examples of chemistry playing a role in potential solutions. The information presented here will be informative to relevant stakeholders seeking to devise integrated management strategies to tackle this global environmental concern.

Global perspectives on managing mercury emissions. NILU F

Pacyna, J.M.; Pacyna, E.G.; Sundseth, K.; Munthe, J.; Kindbom, K.; Wilson, S.; Panasiuk, D.; Chmielniak, T.

Global POP - Dioxins in local fish - School pupils working as environmental scientists. NILU F

Heimstad, E.S.

Global POP. NILU F

Heimstad, E.S.

Global predictions of primary soil salinization under changing climate in the 21st century

Hassani, Amirhossein; Azapagic, Adisa; Shokri, Nima

Soil salinization has become one of the major environmental and socioeconomic issues globally and this is expected to be exacerbated further with projected climatic change. Determining how climate change influences the dynamics of naturally-occurring soil salinization has scarcely been addressed due to highly complex processes influencing salinization. This paper sets out to address this long-standing challenge by developing data-driven models capable of predicting primary (naturally-occurring) soil salinity and its variations in the world’s drylands up to the year 2100 under changing climate. Analysis of the future predictions made here identifies the dryland areas of South America, southern and western Australia, Mexico, southwest United States, and South Africa as the salinization hotspots. Conversely, we project a decrease in the soil salinity of the drylands in the northwest United States, the Horn of Africa, Eastern Europe, Turkmenistan, and west Kazakhstan in response to climate change over the same period.

Springer Nature

Global relevance of atmospheric observations in the Antarctica

Eckhardt, Sabine; Aas, Wenche; Platt, Stephen Matthew; Lunder, Chris Rene; Fjæraa, Ann Mari; Svendby, Tove Marit; Stebel, Kerstin; Schmidbauer, Norbert; Tørseth, Kjetil

Global satellite observations of greenhouse gas emissions.

Goede, A.P.H.; Meirink, J.F.; Buchwitz, M.; Burrows, J.P, de Beek, R.; Frieß, U.; Monks, P.; Remedios, J.J.; Frankenberg, C.; Platt, U.; Grzegorski, M.; Wagner, T.; Stordal, F.; Pacyna, J.M.; Lükewille, A.; Gloudemans, A.; Schrijver, H.; Aben, E.A.A.; van den Broek, M.; Heimann, M.; De Mazière, M.; Dils, B.; Müller, J.-F.; Stavrakou, T.; Granier, C.; Meyrahn, H.; Zander, R.; Mahieu, E.; Bergamaschi, P.

Global soil N2O emissions since the pre-industrial era estimated by an ensemble of Terrestrial Biosphere Models: Magnitude, attribution and uncertainty

Tian, Hanqin; Yang, Jia; Xu, Rongting; Lu, Chaoqun; Canadell, Josep G.; Davidson, Eric A.; Jackson, Robert B.; Arneth, Almut; Chang, Jinfeng; Ciais, Philippe; Gerber, Stefan; Ito, Akihiko; Joos, Fortunat; Lienert, Sebastian; Messina, Palmira; Olin, Stefan; Peng, Changhui; Saikawa, Eri; Thompson, Rona Louise; Vuichard, Nicolas; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Zaehle, Sönke; Zhang, Bowen

Global source identification of Arctic air pollution using statistical analysis of particle dispersion model output and measurement data.

Hirdman, D.; Burkhart, J.F.; Eckhardt, S.; Sodemann, H.; Stohl, A.

Global source identification of Arctic air pollution using statistical analysis of particle dispersion model output and measurement data. NILU PP

Hirdman, D.; Burkhart, J.F.; Eckhardt, S.; Sodemann, H.; Stohl, A.

Global source identification of short-lived pollutants using FLEXPART and Arctic measurement data. NILU F

Hirdman, D.A.; Burkhart, J.F.; Eckhardt, S.; Sodemann, H.; Stohl, A.

Global transport of Fukushima-derived radionuclides from Japan to Asia, North America and Europe. Estimated doses and expected health effects.

Evangeliou, N.; Stohl, A.; Balkanski, Y.