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Abstract Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a persistent pollutant with potential long‐term effects on the environment and on health. Recent studies using ice core records report large increases (up to tenfold) in Arctic TFA deposition since the 1970s, and trends suggest long‐lived chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacements may be a major source. Here, we use a chemical transport model to examine the global TFA budget arising from CFC replacements–hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)–and inhalation anesthetics. Global TFA deposition from these sources increased ∼3.5‐fold from 6.8 (5.9–7.6) Gg/yr in 2000 to 21.8 (18.6–25.0) Gg/yr in 2022, with cumulative deposition reaching 335.5 Gg. We find HCFC‐123, HCFC‐124, and HFC‐134a account for most modeled TFA production and that long‐lived CFC replacements account for virtually all of the observed Arctic deposition trend. At lower latitudes, our analysis supports the recent emergence of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) as a TFA source. We conclude that increased TFA monitoring is required.
2026
Safeguarding drinking water in north-western europe by modelling the fate of amines from CO2capture
The European Union (EU) net-zero emission target for 2050 requires large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Amine-based CO2 capture (CC) is the most mature CC technology but may lead to the spread of nitrosamines (NSAs) and nitramines (NAs) in the nearby surroundings. These are carcinogenic compounds that can persist in water resources. Hence, EU's ambition towards carbon neutrality might pose risk of drinking water contamination as well as ecosystem and agricultural crops pollution. We compiled a dataset of planned CCS projects in the Franco-Danish corridor, Europe's future CCS hub, where most capacity will be located by 2030, with at least 40% based on amine technology. Spatial analysis indicates that up to 10.2 million inhabitants, large Natura 2000 reserves, and extensive crop areas may be impacted by NA and NSA deposition, often in regions already under severe water stress. Biogeochemical modelling shows that surface waters with short residence times are highly sensitive to deposition rates, whereas groundwater concentrations depend strongly on the interplay between NA and NSA half-lives and travel times, creating greater uncertainty in aquifers, especially small systems with limited dilution. In both cases, MEA is the most environmentally friendly when emission abatement measures are limited to water wash, compared to piperazine and other emerging solvents. Main findings highlight the need for regional-scale modelling and harmonized regulation to safeguard drinking water, ecosystems, and food security as CCS deployment expands.
2026
Plastic pellet spills are a major source of microplastic pollution, and pellets are found on beaches worldwide. However, the potential environmental impacts of these spills remain poorly understood. In December 2023, approximately 25,000 kg of polyethylene pellets containing high concentrations of the additive Tinuvin UV-622 were spilled during a shipping accident off the northern coast of Portugal. Pellets collected from an affected beach located in Galicia, Spain, along with solvent extracts and aqueous leachates, were subjected to both target and nontarget chemical analyses and tested in a battery of toxicity assays including a green microalga (Raphidocelis subcapitata), a marine copepod (Apocyclops royi), a fish model (Danio rerio), and a human cell line. Chemical screening identified on the order of 50 chemical substances in addition to Tinuvin UV-622, including a range of known plastic additives and nonintentionally added substances (NIAS). Toxicity assays revealed significant growth inhibition and stress-induced cell aggregation in R. subcapitata and acute toxicity causing immobilization in copepods, which could have potential implications in the environment via the disruption of primary producers and food web dynamics. In contrast, zebrafish embryos showed no significant developmental effects, while human cells exhibited modest, time-dependent reductions in viability. Our findings underscore the complex chemical burden associated with pellet spills and stress the need for policies and regulations to prevent them, reinforcing the importance of applying the precautionary principle in managing the environmental risks linked to plastic pellet production, transport, and accidental release.
2026
The growing adoption of low-cost sensors (LCSs) has significantly enhanced environmental monitoring by enabling widespread, community-driven data collection, particularly in regions requiring dense monitoring, and in regions with limited or no reference instrumentation. Increased public awareness and demand for dense environmental monitoring have resulted in extensive air quality and meteorological datasets from diverse sources. However, the integration of such datasets into regulatory frameworks and large-scale environmental monitoring remains challenging due to persistent issues related to data quality, standardization, and interoperability. To address these challenges, the FILTER (Framework for Improving Low-cost Technology Effectiveness and Reliability) approach developed by Hassani et al. (2025) provides a suite of algorithms to harmonize, quality-check, flag, and perform in-situ corrections on crowdsourced PM2.5 LCS datasets. While FILTER was initially designed and validated for static PM2.5 sensors, it has since been extended to address data quality challenges associated with the dynamics of mobile and wearable sensing. Across both static and mobile LCS platforms, FILTER employs a unified processing pipeline that generates measurement-level quality flags based on multiple statistical tests, to quantify the reliability of each observation. Quality control (QC) includes statistical tests to: (a) assess physical measurement consistency (range validity test), (b) detect flatline behavior (constant value test), and (c) identify abnormal patterns (spatiotemporal outlier detection test) using both historical trends and spatial comparisons with neighboring LCSs. Beyond these mandatory QC steps, more advanced statistical procedures incorporate relative (spatial correlation test) and absolute (spatial similarity test) comparisons with nearby LCSs, higher-quality instruments, and reference monitoring stations. For mobile and wearable sensing, FILTER has been specifically adapted to support pairwise comparisons between mobile sensors and comparisons with higher-accuracy nodes, accounting for operation under dynamic environmental and operational conditions. In this context, statistical comparisons are evaluated during rendezvous events, that is, periods in which the mobile sensor and a higher-accuracy node provide temporally coincident measurements. The modified framework retains the core principles of transparency, scalability, and sensor independence, while introducing additional steps to address motion-related artifacts, intermittent time series, and location-specific uncertainties. FILTER is developed in the open-source R environment. Its modular and hierarchical design allows flexible adaptation of quality control and correction workflows based on data availability, the spatiotemporal characteristics of LCS networks, and application-specific requirements. By improving data reliability and usability, FILTER enables crowdsourced LCS datasets to serve as a reliable complement to official monitoring networks for air quality management, urban- and regional-scale modeling, and policymaking. References Hassani, A., Salamalikis, V., Schneider, P., Stebel, K., and Castell, N.: A scalable framework for harmonizing, standardization, and correcting crowd-sourced low-cost sensor PM2. 5 data across Europe, J. Environ. Manage., 380, 125100, 2025.
2026
Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVs) are widely used plastic additives and are increasingly recognized as contaminants of emerging concern due to their persistence and potential for long-range environmental transport. In this study, bird feathers collected from polar regions and China were analyzed to investigate the occurrence and profiles of BUVs. BUVs were detected in all studied regions, with detection frequencies varying among compounds (up to 89.2%) and concentration levels ranging from 9.64 to 52.68 ng/g ww for ΣBUVs. Among individual compounds, UV-329 exhibited the highest median concentration (up to 26.0 ng/g ww), followed by UV-326 and UV-327. BUVs were identified in Antarctic bird feathers, whereas previous biomonitoring studies based on other biological matrices reported non-detectable levels in Antarctic samples. This work also represents the first application of bird feathers to investigate BUV contamination across the Arctic, the Antarctic, and China. Differences in BUV profiles were observed across regions and species, but these patterns should be interpreted cautiously because sampling year, species ecology, and feather-specific processes may all influence feather concentrations. The results also support the use of bird feathers as a non-destructive biomonitoring matrix for monitoring BUV contamination in both remote and populated regions. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the sources, transport pathways, and ecological risks of BUVs.
2026
Boreal forests at risk: Absence of climate perspectives in current management policies
Boreal forests influence climate both biogeochemically through carbon uptake and biogeophysically through evapotranspiration, turbulent fluxes and albedo, and are in turn impacted by climate through biotic and abiotic damages. This systematic literature review and qualitative narrative policy review and analysis aims to get a better insight into the discrepancy between policy and science on forestry action to mitigate climate warming in high latitude jurisdictions. We identify climate effects on and from forests with corresponding management options in a systematic review of scientific literature following PRISMA guidelines. These results were combined with a qualitative policy review and analysis to identify the climate and forestry policies from all boreal-to-Arctic jurisdictions and determine how (many of) these climate effects ended up in forest and climate policy. There is mounting evidence that in boreal regions, albedo-driven warming can partially offset, and in some contexts be comparable to, carbon-driven cooling; the balance varies by season, forest type and disturbance history. However, although all analysed jurisdictions (Alaska, Canada, European Union, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Russia) recognise the forests' role in carbon uptake, none recognise the albedo effect, and none translate these climate effect into binding regulatory measures. Nor do most of the jurisdictions take into account possible risk of climate-related damages. This might lead to ineffective and even adverse forest and climate measures. Our study emphasises a need for more evidence-based and comprehensive climate and forestry policies and regulations, along with a proactive approach to adopting these measures swiftly.
2026
Coastal aerosols are formed through the complex mixing between marine air masses and continental emissions, which originate from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The properties of coastal aerosols are decisive for their interaction with sunlight and their influence on clouds, as well as the potential health implications for the population in these areas. In this study, the aerosol properties and sources at Aarhus Bay, Denmark, were investigated by combining in situ aerosol light scattering and absorption with size distribution measurements and footprint analysis by FLEXPART. Our analysis demonstrates a considerable contribution of anthropogenic aerosols from both fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, as well as periods with highly scattering aerosols. Furthermore, good agreement was found between in situ and modelled black-carbon data. Combining in situ measurements and FLEXPART analysis further evidenced a major impact of local emissions, as well as a few long-range transport intrusions.
2026
2026
Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from vegetation represent a major source of volatile compounds globally and play an important role as precursors for tropospheric ozone. Understanding their emissions is therefore crucial for quantifying the impact of ozone on air quality. We present two datasets of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions that cover the European modelling domain of the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° to support the study of European scale air quality. The compounds included in the dataset follow the VOCs included in the regional atmospheric chemistry model mechanism (RACM). The datasets were produced within the framework of the EU's SEEDS project. We produced each dataset by coupling modelling output variables from the SURFEX land surface model with the MEGAN3.0 BVOC emission model. In one instance, the SURFEX model was run in free-running mode, which we term the open-loop (OL) and in the other case we assimilated satellite observations of leaf area index (LAI), which we term the analysis. The OL and analysis land surface model outputs form the basis for each emission dataset that are called SURFEX-MEGAN3.0 OL (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LAUVTU, Hamer et al., 2025a) and SURFEX-MEGAN3.0 analysis (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/69G1FX, Hamer et al., 2025b), respectively. The OL dataset is available over a five-year period from 2018–2022 and the analysis dataset is available over the three-year period 2018–2020. SURFEX was run for both the OL and analysis simulations in a configuration that allowed simulated vegetation to respond to variations in meteorology over time to more realistically track vegetation phenology. Evaluation of the land surface model output LAI and root-zone soil moisture (RZSM) showed that the OL and analysis simulations had good skill at tracking temporal changes in both variables, with the analysis performing better in each instance. We perform a variety of evaluations on the isoprene emissions specifically given the importance of this compound for atmospheric chemistry. We evaluated the temporal variability of isoprene emissions in both datasets and found that the majority of the interannual and monthly variability was linked to variability in LAI that in specific cases, like the summer of 2019, could be linked to drought impacts on vegetation growth simulated by SURFEX. We evaluated the daily temporal variability of the OL and analysis isoprene emission datasets against in-situ online observations of isoprene concentrations at 8 sites in western Europe and found moderate to strong correlation between the emissions and observations in almost all location-year pairings. We also evaluated the OL and analysis emission datasets against other published bottom-up isoprene emission datasets over the same European domain used in this study. We found that the SURFEX-MEGAN3.0 OL and analysis isoprene emission datasets lie between the minimum (CAMS-GLOB-BIOv3.1) and maximum (MEGAN-MACC) published emission datasets based on bottom-up approaches. Furthermore, we were able to attribute differences in seasonality between SURFEX-MEGAN3.0 and other emission inventories to differences in the temporal variability of the underlying LAI dataset used to compile them. Overall, our findings show the importance of variability in LAI in controlling isoprene emissions on monthly to annual timescales. Combining this with the demonstrated skill of the emissions in evaluation with independent data, this points towards the value of an Earth-system approach to BVOC emission modelling.
2026
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2026
Exceptional high AOD over Svalbard in summer 2019: a multi-instrumental approach
In the summer of 2019, the Arctic region registered exceptionally high aerosol optical depth (AOD) values over Svalbard, linked to intense biomass burning (BB) and volcanic activity across the Northern Hemisphere. This study presents a comprehensive, multi-instrumental analysis of the aerosol conditions in and around Ny-Ålesund (Spitsbergen, Norway), combining data from ground-based sun-photometry, in-situ observations, active remote sensing (ground-based and on satellite), and atmospheric dispersion modelling (FLEXPART). Despite high AOD was observed during all the period, three different aerosol events are identified in the atmospheric column (6–10 July, 25–28 July, and 6–17 August). In contrast, in-situ surface stations only recorded significant aerosol load during 5–9 July, 30 August, and 12 September, suggesting that most of the aerosol particles remained above the boundary layer. Lidar and photometric observations revealed the presence of spherical, weakly absorbing Accumulation-mode particles (with effective radii between 0.1 and 0.2 µm) in both the troposphere and stratosphere, with persistent layers extending above 10 km. Simulations carried out with FLEXPART correlate well with the measurements, attributing the observed aerosol events to multiple sources, including Siberian and North American wildfires, the Raikoke (Russia) volcanic eruption, and anthropogenic pollution. While the simulations show a contribution from volcanic aerosols, the contribution from biomass-burning aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere were likely more significant under the atmospheric conditions of summer 2019. Overall, the aerosol radiative impact during this long-lasting event was substantial, with a mean reduction in direct solar radiation of approximately −74 W m−2 during July and August. This work shows how the use of dispersion modelling together with multiple observation sources allows to achieve a more complete description of the atmospheric aerosol events and contributes to a better understanding of the overall picture.
2026
Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from European vegetation are a major precursor of tropospheric ozone and remain a key uncertainty in regional air-quality modelling. We present two high-resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) European BVOC emission datasets developed within the EU SEEDS project aimed at supporting scientific development within Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). The datasets include BVOC species consistent with the RACM chemical mechanism and are generated by coupling the SURFEX land surface model with the MEGAN3.0 emission model.Emissions based on two land surface model simulations were analysed: (i) an open-loop SURFEX simulation available for 2018–2022, and (ii) a data-assimilation simulation in which satellite leaf area index (LAI) observations are assimilated, available for 2018–2020. In both cases, SURFEX is configured to allow vegetation phenological responses to meteorological variability, enabling a realistic representation of phenology. Evaluation against independent datasets shows that both simulations capture temporal variability in LAI and root-zone soil moisture, with improved skill in the analysis configuration.Given its importance for atmospheric chemistry, we focus on isoprene emissions. Interannual and seasonal variability in isoprene emissions is shown to be primarily driven by LAI variability, with specific events (e.g. summer 2019) linked to drought-induced vegetation stress simulated by SURFEX. Daily variability in isoprene emissions is evaluated against in-situ online isoprene concentration measurements at eight western European sites, revealing moderate to strong correlations across most site-year combinations. Comparisons with other bottom-up European isoprene inventories show that SURFEX-MEGAN3.0 emissions lie between the lower CAMS-GLOB-BIOv3.1 and higher MEGAN-MACC estimates, with differences in seasonality attributable largely to the underlying LAI datasets.These results highlight the important role of vegetation phenology, particularly LAI variability, in controlling BVOC emissions on monthly to interannual timescales, and demonstrate the added value of an Earth-system approach for BVOC emission modelling in support of air-quality assessments.ReferencesHamer, . D., Markelj, M., Rojas-Munoz, O., Bonan, B., Calvet, J.-C., Marécal, V., Guenther, A., Trimmel, H., Vallejo, I., Eckhardt, S., Sousa Santos, G., Sindelarova, K., Simpson, D., Schmidbauer, N., and Tarrasón, L.: Two Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emission Datasets over Europe Based on Land Surface Modelling and Satellite Data Assimilation, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-442, in review, 2025.
2026
Siri (14) gjør en viktig jobb for forskningen i Norge
Hver uke sender Siri Leifsen vannprøver til forskningsinstituttet NILU for analyse av ulike stoffer i nedbør. Tenåringen bidrar til forskning på miljøovervåkning.
2026
This study provides a short-term, dry-weather multi-compartment assessment of microplastic (MP) contamination in the Choghakhor Wetland, a vital freshwater ecosystem in western Iran. We quantified MPs in air, subsurface water, the surface water microlayer (SML), and sediments and developed a first-order mass-balance framework to clarify transport and fate. The SML showed much higher MP concentrations than the subsurface water when converted to volumetric units, while method-specific SML estimates varied among approaches (4.4–13.8 MP m⁻² using a glass tube; 196–982 MP m⁻² using a sieve; and 130–1754 MP m⁻² using filter paper). Subsurface water contained 0.083–1.5 MP L⁻¹, and the two sediment samples contained 60–400 MP kg⁻¹. Atmospheric deposition during the monitored intervals reached 2363 MP m⁻² h⁻¹. Flux analysis indicated that dry-weather influx exceeded observed outflux by more than three orders of magnitude. Using the conservative combined-outlet scenario, the wetland residence time was at least 168 days, whereas a water-only outlet scenario yielded ∼344 days. FLEXPART suggested that road dust dominated modeled source contributions, with smaller agricultural and soil-related contributions, although site-specific attribution remains model-based. These findings identify wetlands as important sinks and reservoirs of MPs, while emphasizing that the present results represent a dry-weather baseline rather than seasonal or annual conditions.
2026
2026
Long-term trend of elemental carbon in the high Arctic and its potential drivers
The Arctic is warming at more than twice the global average rate, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (Rantanen et al., 2022). In addition to greenhouse gases, short-lived climate forcers play a critical role in modulating Arctic climate through their impacts on radiation, cloud properties, and the surface energy balance (e.g. AMAP, 2015, 2021). Among these forcers, elemental carbon (EC) is of particular importance due to its strong light-absorbing properties and its ability to reduce surface albedo when deposited on snow and ice. Furthermore, aged EC particles transported to the Arctic can act as cloud condensation nuclei, influencing cloud microphysical processes and thereby modifying Arctic radiative forcing and climate feedbacks.In this study, we investigate long-term trends in EC concentrations and their potential drivers in the high Arctic using 16 years of continuous EC measurements from the Villum Research Station in northeast Greenland. We combine in situ observations with Lagrangian transport modelling and back-trajectory analyses to assess the relative contributions of changes in source-region emissions, transport pathway variability, and wet scavenging processes to the observed EC trends. Robust non-parametric statistical methods are applied to assess monotonic trends over the full observational period and before 2020, enabling a systematic comparison between the declining and stagnating phases. This integrated observational–modelling framework provides new constraints on the processes controlling EC variability in the Arctic and advances our understanding of how anthropogenic emission reductions are reflected in Arctic atmospheric composition under a rapidly evolving climate.
2026