Fant 416 publikasjoner. Viser side 11 av 18:
Global environment outlook - Geo-6. Technical summary
he sixth Global Environment Outlook was launched in 2019 at the fourth UN Environment Assembly. It highlighted the ongoing damage to life and health from pollution and land degradation, and warned that zoonosis was already accounting for more than 60% of human infectious diseases. Since then the spread of COVID-19 has demonstrated the enormous challenges a global pandemic can cause for health care systems and the economy, as well as revealing potential environmental benefits of an altered lifestyle. This Technical Summary synthesizes the science and data in the GEO-6 report to make it accessible to a broad audience of policymakers, students and scientists. It demonstrates that more urgent and sustained action is required to address the degradation caused by our energy, food and waste systems and identifies a variety of transformational pathways for those seeking far-reaching policies for environmental and economic recovery.
Cambridge University Press
2021
Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
2024
The Forum for Air Quality Modelling (FAIRMODE) is a European network to exchange experiences and competences on the use of air quality models in the context of the Ambient Air Quality Directives. Its purpose is to identify and promote the use of good practices for air quality modelling and to propose harmonized ways to assess the quality of model-based air quality applications by EU Member States. The recommendations in this document are part of FAIRMODE’s contribution to the on-going revision of the EU Ambient Air Quality Directives (Directives 2008/50/EC and 2004/107/EC, hereafter AAQDs) initiated by the European Commission and are an update of the previous recommendations to the Fitness check of those Directives (Thunis et al. 2019). This document builds on the existing recommendations from FAIRMODE provided in 2019 regarding modelling applications. The current document has been revised in view of the latest consensus on the maturity of modelling applications and their uses for air quality management purposes. It provides strategic and technical recommendations where there is significant level consensus within the FAIRMODE expert community. It identifies how and where these recommendations may be included in the context of the revision of the AAQDs. These recommendations would require additional work of Member States were they to be implemented and would have implications for the work of the FAIRMODE network concerning the development of relevant guidance documents to support the recommendations.
Publications Office of the European Union
2022
VANDAM Final Report. June 2020.
The current document summaries the work carried out in the PRODEX project NILU VANDAM: PEA: 4000118977.
NILU
2020
Status for miljøet i norske havområder - Rapport fra Overvåkingsgruppen 2023
I denne rapporten gir Overvåkingsgruppen, for første gang, en felles vurdering av miljøtilstanden i Barentshavet og havområdene utenfor Lofoten, Norskehavet og Nordsjøen med Skagerrak. Det er også første rapport som bruker resultater fra det nylig utviklede fagsystemet for vurdering av økologisk tilstand. I denne rapporten dekkes to hovedtemaer: (1) Dominerende trekk i status og utvikling i økosystemet i alle tre havområdene, basert på vurderingene av økologisk tilstand, Overvåkingsgruppens rapport om forurensning fra 2022, indikatorer fra Overvåkingsgruppen som ikke er dekket under vurdering av økologisk tilstand, samt rapporter og annen relevant informasjon fra forskning, og (2) en vurdering av karbonbinding i marint plankton, marine vegetasjonstyper og marine sedimenter. I tillegg er det gitt en oppsummering for endringer i ytre påvirkning, vurdering av kunnskapsbehov samt en vurdering av indikatorverdier i forhold til referanseverdier og tiltaksgrenser. Vurderingen av dominerende trekk i utvikling og tilstand av miljøet som er gitt i kapittel 2, utgjør Overvåkingsgruppens bidrag til Faglig forums samlerapport om det faglige grunnlaget for revisjon og oppdatering av de helhetlige forvaltningsplanene for norske havområder.
Havforskningsinstituttet
2023
Målinger av SO2 i omgivelsene til Elkem Carbon og REC Solar. Januar 2020 – desember 2020.
På oppdrag fra Elkem Carbon AS har NILU utført målinger av SO2 i omgivelsene til Elkem Carbon og REC Solar i Vågsbygd
(Kristiansand kommune). Bedriftene ble pålagt av Miljødirektoratet å gjennomføre SO2-målinger i omgivelsesluft.
Målingene ble utført med SO2-monitor i boligområdet på Fiskåtangen (Konsul Wilds vei) og med passive SO2-prøvetakere
ved 6 steder rundt bedriftene. Rapporten dekker målinger i perioden 1. januar 2020 – 31. desember 2020.
Norske grenseverdier for luftkvalitet (SO2) ble overholdt ved Konsul Wilds vei for alle midlingsperioder krevet i
forurensningsforskriften (årsmiddel, vintermiddel, døgnmiddel og timemiddel). De mest belastede stedene i måleperioden
var Konsul Wilds vei og Fiskåveien rett sør for bedriftene.
NILU
2021
Finnfjord AS. Oppdaterte spredningsberegninger av utslipp til luft.
NILU har vurdert spredning av utslipp til luft fra Finnfjord AS sitt smelteverk ved Finnsnes. Bakgrunnen er oppdaterte krav fra Miljødirektoratet. Fokus i studien er på NOx, SO2 og støv/partikler. Det er utført lokale spredningsberegninger ved hjelp av modellen CONDEP. Regionale beregninger av konsentrasjoner og avsetning er utført med WRF-EMEP modellsystemet. En stor andel av forurensningen slippes ut fra tak. Dette kan gi turbulens og bygningsnedtrekk som igjen gir høye konsentrasjoner rett ved smelteverket og i umiddelbar nærhet. CONDEP-beregningene viser at for NO2 og støv/PM er norske grenseverdier overholdt. For SO2 kan overskridelse av grenseverdier oppstå opptil 500-600 m fra smelteverket. WRF-EMEP-beregningene viser liten påvirkning på regional skala. Av utslippene fra Finnfjord AS avsettes 16 % av nitrogen, 15 % av svovel og 12 % av PM innenfor det innerste gridet (105 x 105 km2). Det gis også anbefaling om målinger av SO2 og meteorologi for å tallfeste påvirkningen fra Finnfjord AS på omgivelsene.
NILU
2023
Establishment of an early warning system (EWS) for the identification of new and existing potentially hazardous substances is a key component of PARC. An EWS includes early warning monitoring toolboxes to identify chemical hazards in a broad range of biotic and abiotic matrices and products with a special focus on aqueous environment that may be associated with an unacceptable health risk. Effect-based monitoring (EBM) and effect-directed analysis (EDA) are identified as key toolboxes for prioritizing chemical hazards in various matrices including water, soil, sediment, sludge, air, dust, aquatic and terrestrial biota, human samples, products like food contact materials, and food. This report gives an overview of i) sampling strategies, ii) sample preparation methods for bioassays and chemical analysis, iii) EBM using bioassays, iv) chemical analytical methods including target, suspect and nontarget screening, v) EDA and iceberg modelling, and vi) future perspectives and needs for an EWS.
Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC)
2023
This report presents VOC measurements carried out during 2017 at EMEP monitoring sites. In total, 20 sites reported VOC data from EMEP VOC sites this year. Some of the data sets are considered preliminary and are not included in the report. The monitoring of NMHC (non-methane hydrocarbons) has become more diverse with time in terms of instrumentation. Starting in the early 1990s with standardized methods based on manual sampling in steel canisters with subsequent analyses at the lab, the methods now consist of a variety of instruments and measurement principles, including automated continuous monitors and manual flask samples. For oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), sampling in DNPH-tubes with subsequent labanalyses is still the only method in use at EMEP sites. Within the EU infrastructure project ACTRIS-2, data quality issues related to measurements of VOC have been an important topic. Many of the institutions providing VOC data to EMEP have participated in the ACTRIS-2 project, either as formal partners or on a voluntary basis. Participation in ACTRIS-2 has meant an extensive effort with data checking including detailed discussions between the ACTRIS community and individual participants. There is no doubt that this extensive effort has benefited the EMEP program and has led to improved data quality in general. Comparison between median levels in 2017 compared to the medians of the previous 10-years period, revealed a similar north-to-south pattern for several species. Changes in instrumentation, procedures, station network etc. during the last two decades make it difficult to provide a rigorous and pan-European assessment of long-term trends of the observed VOCs. In this report we have estimated the longterm trends in NMHC over the 2000-2017 period at six selected sites by two independent statistical methods. These estimates indicate marked differences in the trends for the individual species. Small or non-significant trends were found for ethane over this period followed by propane which also showed fairly small reductions. On the other hand, components linked to road traffic (ethene, ethyne and toluene) showed the strongest drop in mean concentrations, up to 60-80% at some stations. The trend in n-butane was between these two groups of species with an estimated drop in the annual mean concentration of 20-50% over the 2000-2017 period.
NILU
2019
Monitoring of environmental contaminants in air and precipitation, annual report 2018
This report presents environmental monitoring data from 2018 and time-trends for the Norwegian programme for Long-range atmospheric transported contaminants. The results cover 200
organic compounds (regulated and non-regulated), 11 heavy metals, and organic chemicals of potential Arctic concern.
NILU
2019
Målinger av SO2 i omgivelsene til Elkem Carbon og REC Solar. Januar 2021 – desember 2021.
På oppdrag fra Elkem Carbon AS har NILU utført målinger av SO2 i omgivelsene til Elkem Carbon og REC Solar i Vågsbygd (Kristiansand kommune). Elkem Carbon har i sin tillatelse fra Miljødirektoratet krav om å gjennomføre kontinuerlig måling av SO2 i omgivelsesluft. Målingene ble utført med SO2-monitor i boligområdet på Fiskåtangen (Konsul Wilds vei). I tillegg har Elkem Carbon AS valgt å måle med passive SO2-prøvetakere ved 3 steder rundt bedriftene. Rapporten dekker målinger i perioden 1. januar – 31. desember 2021. Norske grenseverdier for luftkvalitet (SO2) ble overholdt ved Konsul Wilds vei for alle midlingsperioder krevet i forurensningsforskriften (årsmiddel, vintermiddel, døgnmiddel og timemiddel). De mest belastede stedene i måleperioden var Konsul Wilds vei nordøst og Fiskåveien rett sør for bedriftene. To døgnmidler var over 125 µg/m3 (grenseverdi, 3 tillatt), 16 døgnmidler var over øvre vurderingsterskel (75 µg/m3) og 33 døgnmidler var over nedre vurderingsterskel (50 µg/m3).
NILU
2022
Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2023
This report presents data from the third year of a new 5-year period of the Urban Fjord programme. The programme started in 2013 and has since been altered/advanced. In 2023 the programme covers sampling and analyses of sediment, blue mussels and cod from the Inner Oslofjord, as well as water and trout from Alna River. In addition, samples of stormwater, and waste water from Bekkelaget wastewater treatment plant, are analysed. A total of ∼230 single compounds/isomers were analysed, and frequent detection was found of specific PFAS compounds in aqueous phases, other specific PFAS compounds in fish liver, certain QACs in particulate phases, certain benzothiazoles in aqueous phases, chlorinated paraffins (MCCP in particular) in sediment and biota, certain siloxanes in biota and particulate phases, metals in all matrices, and PCBs in sediment and biota.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2024
Målet med studien er å vurdere effekten av tilskudd til utskifting av gamle vedovner til nye rentbrennende ovner, og i hvilken grad ordningen har påvirket det totale partikkelutslippet og luftkonsentrasjoner i Oslo kommune. NILU har utført tre beregninger; 1) utslippsmodellering og spredningsberegninger for 4 ulike scenarioer; 2) utslippsreduksjon fra tilskuddsordningen i Oslo kommune; og 3) vurdering av tidsutvikling av vedfyringsutslipp, vedforbruk og utslippsfaktorer for kommuner med og uten tilskuddsordning. Modellering og vurdering av den potensielle utslippsreduksjonen som kan tilskrives tilskuddsordningen, viser at tilskuddsordningen potensielt har en stor effekt på reduksjon av partikkelutslipp og konsentrasjoner av PM2.5 og PM10. Beregnigene viser at tilskuddsordningen i Oslo kommune gir betydelig redusert utslippsfaktor over tid, men effekten på totalt PM-utslipp er liten.
NILU
2019
Air quality in Europe — 2019 report
This report presents an updated overview and analysis of air quality in Europe from 2000 to 2017. It reviews the progress made towards meeting the air quality standards established in the two EU Ambient Air Quality Directives and towards the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines (AQGs). It also presents the latest findings and estimates of population and ecosystem exposure to the air pollutants with the greatest impacts.
Publications Office of the European Union
2019
Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollution in Europe. Methodology description and 2017 results
This report describes the methodology applied to assess health risks across Europe in 2016, published in the European Environmental Agency’s Air Quality in Europe – 2019 report. The methodology applied is based on the work by de Leeuw and Horálek (2016), with a few adjustments. To estimate the health risk related to air pollution, the number of premature deaths and years of life lost related to exposure to fine particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide exposure were calculated for 41 countries across Europe. The results show that the largest health risks are estimated for the countries with the largest populations. However, in relative terms, when considering e.g., years of life lost per 100 000 inhabitants, the largest relative risks are observed in central and eastern European countries, and the lowest are found for the northern and north-western parts of Europe. Additionally to the assessment, a sensitivity analysis was undertaken to comprehend how much the presumed baseline concentration levels, the concentration below which no health effects are expected, affect the estimations. In addition, a benefit analysis, assuming attainment of the PM2.5 WHO guidelines across Europe, shows a reduction over 30 % of the 2017 premature deaths and years of life lost numbers.
ETC/ATNI
2020
Air quality European-wide annual maps based on the Air Quality (AQ) e-Reporting validated (E1a) measurement data, the EMEP modelling data and other supplementary data have been regularly produced, using the Regression – Interpolation – Merging Mapping (RIMM) methodology. However, due to the time schedule of production of the validated AQ measurement and the EMEP modelling data, the RIMM air quality maps of a year Y have typically not been available until May of year Y+2. In this report, we examine the AQ interim mapping, based on the preliminary (E2a) measurement and the CAMS Ensemble Forecast modelling data. Such interim maps could be prepared one year earlier than the validated maps. In order to overcome an obstacle of data gaps of E2a data in several areas, so-called pseudo stations data in areas with no E2a data are estimated, based on regression relation between E2a data from year Y and validated E1a data from year Y-1, together with the ratio of the modelling results from years Y and Y-1. The analysis have been performed for the PM10 annual average, the NO2 annual average and the ozone indicator SOMO35, based on the 2017 data. We evaluate these maps using the validated E1a data. Based on the results, we recommend the regular production of the interim AQ maps for the examined indicators, in addition to the regular AQ maps.
ETC/ATNI
2021
The aim of this project was to collect, integrate and analyse observations of climate-relevant aerosol parameters (aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångstrøm exponent (AE), black carbon (BC)) in and around Svalbard. These observations have been performed at different places and with different instrument types, the analysis procedures of which follow different protocols. Annual merged datasets of AOD, AE and BC have been provided to the SIOS Data Management System and are now available for network-wide use in, e.g., Arctic climate and pollution studies. The analysis of the 2002-2020 data have confirmed earlier results showing a good correlation between measurements in Ny-Ålesund and Hornsund, but not a high degree of short-term agreement due to aerosol variability arising from geographical locations and local conditions. There is also a clear link between the columnar AOD/AE-measurements and in-situ aerosol measurements at Gruvebadet Observatory, while a comparison of in-situ measurements at Gruvebadet and Zeppelin Observatory shows deviations varying with season.
NILU
2022
Air Quality Plans and Measures. Analysis of data submitted from 2014 to 2020.
The submitted data were analysed with the aim to provide information to the EEA Member countries that can be used to improve their air quality management practices, and to give feedback on data quality and possible use. Previous studies in the framework of the Air Implementation Pilot (published in 2012 and 2013) made assessments of the measures and management practices but were not successful in defining the measures’ effectiveness, so the present report also looks into what kind of information can be obtained from the data.
In the period 2014 – 2020, 23 EEA member countries submitted at least one air quality plan. Most countries focus their plans on pollutants related to traffic: NO2 and/or PM10. Most measures target exceedances of NO2 (62 %), PM10 (26 %) and PM2.5 (10 %), and measures are reported that target exceedances of standards of benzo(a)pyrene, nickel and lead (all in PM10) as well as SO2. In one case, the measure is related to benzene.
« Traffic » is the main sector leading to exceedances, with 64 % of records, followed by « domestic heating » (14 %), « local industry » (10 %) and “Other” (8 %). The « Other » category when given further information could comprise a variety of sources including meteorology, agricultural residue burning, harbour activity or shipping.
The majority of the exceedances occurred in urban areas (65 %) followed by suburban areas (21 %), while 14 % of the exceedances addressed in the plans occurred in rural areas.
The available data consist of a large number of individual records (ranging from several hundreds to over 20 thousand depending on the reporting element) that in theory can be linked using unique identifiers. However, not all the records can be linked. While the basis for analysis can vary depending on which reporting segments are used, the overall results are consistent across the segments, and provide a very good overview of which air pollution abatement measures are taken by national and local authorities.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Grenseområdene Norge-Russland. Luft- og nedbørkvalitet 2021.
Smelteverkene i nordvest-Russland slapp tidligere ut store mengder svoveldioksid (SO2) og tungmetaller. Utslippene påvirket luft- og nedbørkvalitet i grenseområdene. Smelteverket i Nikel stengte ned 23. desember 2020 og lokal luftkvalitet ble betydelig forbedret. Dog er det fortsatt utslipp fra varmekraftverket i Nikel i den kalde årstiden. Detaljer rundt utslippene fra Zapoljarnyj er ikke kjente. Herværende rapport viser resultatene for kalenderåret 2021, det vil si året etter stengningen. Nivåene av forurensning er lave og grenseverdier og målsettingsverdier er overholdt med klar margin.
NILU
2022
Monitoring of long-range transported air pollutants in Norway. Annual Report 2022.
This report presents results from the monitoring of atmospheric composition and deposition of air pollution in 2022, and focuses on main components in air and precipitation, particulate and gaseous phase of inorganic constituents, particulate carbonaceous matter, ground level ozone and particulate matter. The level of pollution in 2022 was generally low though a few high episodes occurred, i.e., one in March with elevated aerosol concentrations and one during July, with high ozone levels.
NILU
2023
PM10/PM2.5 comparison exercise in Oslo, Norway. Study in 2015-2016 and 2018.
The purpose of the comparison was to test for equivalence and establish calibration functions for automatic PM-analysers commonly used in Norway. The reference laboratory performed a field test at three different locations in Oslo during summer and winter conditions in the periods September 2015 to July 2016 and February to March 2018. Participating analysers were Palas Fidas 200, Grimm EDM 180, TEI TEOM 1405 DF, TEI FH 62 I-R, and R&P TEOM 1400AB.
The report proposes a system to carry out ongoing verification of equivalence in the Norwegian monitoring network and how to calibrate analyser data.
NILU
2021
Måling av maursyre og eddiksyre i to oppbevaringsbokser ved Munchmuseet i Oslo
Målinger av maursyre (HCOOH), eddiksyre (CH3COOH) og flyktige organiske forbindelser (VOC) ble gjort i to oppbevaringsbokser ved Munchmuseet i Oslo. Noe forhøyede konsentrasjoner av maursyre, eddiksyre og totale flyktige organiske forbindelser (TVOC) ble målt i boksene, men konsentrasjonene er like fullt lave sammenlignet med vurderte risikonivåer for kulturav-materialer.
NILU
2023