Fant 431 publikasjoner. Viser side 7 av 18:
Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes in 2023. Annual report
This annual report for 2023 summarizes the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin Observatory, situated on Svalbard, during the period 2001-2023, and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009-2023.
NILU
2024
Model development for high-resolution emissions from residential wood combustion
In this report, we describe the MetVed model developed to estimate emissions from residential wood combustion (RWC) at high spatial-temporal resolution. The model uses a downscaling method approach, which builds on bottom-up principles and derive a wood burning potential for each grid based on the housing type, size and heating technology, energy demand and outdoor temperature of each grid. The model builds on the combination of several databases with information at high level of detail. The databases contain geo-localised information about dwelling number and type, energy consumption statistics, fireplace and stove locations, and the available technology for residential heating. The datasets are combined and the dependencies between the different variables are analysed. MetVed includes the time variation for RWC based on the heating degree concept combined with time-variation from consumer statistics, and the vertical distribution based on the RWC shared in apartment buildings versus houses. The results from the MetVed-model have shown to improve the accuracy of dispersion modelling results when compared with predictions based on previous emission inventories.
NILU
2018
NILU’s Environmental Management Report 2018
One of NILU’s main goals is to study the impact of pollution and supply decision-makers with a sound scientific platform for choosing measures to reduce the negative impacts. Furthermore, it is very important for the institute to have control of the impact the institute’s own activities may have on the environment and to reduce negative impacts as far as possible.
NILU has for many years been working to improve the status of the environment and to reduce negative impacts. In order to
take this one step further, it was decided that the institute should restructure the work according to a relevant environmental standard and to seek certification according to the same standard.
The chosen standard is ISO 14001 (Environmental management systems—Requirements with guidance for use) and NILU
achieved certification according to this standard in October 2010. This report summarizes the results of the system in 2018.
NILU
2019
Critical review of the atmospheric composition observing capabilities for monitoring and forecasting
WMO
2025
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen, Cadmium, Mercury and B(a)P to the Baltic Sea in 2022
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
2024
Monitoring of long-range transported air pollutants in Norway. Annual Report 2019.
This report presents results from the monitoring of atmospheric composition and deposition of air pollution in 2019, and focuses on main components in air and precipitation, particulate and gaseous phase of inorganic constituents, particulate carbonaceous matter, ground level ozone and particulate matter. In 2019, it was an unusual wide-spread episode during April causing high concentrations of most pollutants at several sites.
NILU
2020
Vurdering av CLEO for norske reindriftsutøvere
Denne rapporten er en evaluering av Local Environmental Observer (LEO) Network ved bruk av erfaringene fra pilottestene utført i perioden 2016-2020 av arktiske akademikere, urfolksinstitusjoner og samisk samfunn i Norge. Rapporten prøver å finne svar på hvordan man kan tilrettelegge for innrapportering av observasjoner på lokale miljøendringer blant norske reindriftsutøvere samt opprettholde en utstrakt bruk. Dette for å skape engasjement, bevisstgjøring, forsterke lokale stemmer og identifisere svar på viktige miljøutfordringer og mulige handlinger, og søke konstruktive og respektfulle måter å dele informasjon og samarbeid mellom ulike kunnskapssystemer.
Rapporten konkluderer med at for å gjøre det mulig for norske reindriftsutøvere å rapportere inn observasjoner av klimaendringer i miljøet, og legge til rette for en utstrakt og kontinuerlig bruk, bør det bygges en egen Sápmi løsning.
NILU
2021
2023
Status report of air quality in Europe for year 2019, using validated data
This report presents summarized information on the status of air quality in Europe in 2019, based on validated air quality monitoring data officially reported by the member and cooperating countries of the EEA. It aims at informing on the status of ambient air quality in Europe in 2019 and on the progress towards meeting the European air quality standards for the protection of health, as well as the WHO air quality guidelines. The report also compares the air quality status in 2019 with the previous three years. The pollutants covered in this report are particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), O3, NO2, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), SO2, CO, benzene and toxic metals (As, Cd, Ni, Pb). Measured concentrations above the European air quality standards for PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2 were reported by 21, 7, 24, and 22 European countries for 2019, respectively. Exceedances of the air quality standards for BaP, SO2, CO, and benzene were measured in, respectively, 14, 6, 3, and two European countries in 2019. Exceedances of European standards for toxic metals were reported by one country for Cd and Pb and by three countries for As and Ni.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Emission changes are the main driver of all air pollutant trends. For NO2 and PM10, both the GAM and the CTM results indicate that emission changes contribute to at least 90% of the 2000-2017 trend. For ozone peaks (as 4MDA8), meteorology can be important. The GAM model estimates that it contributes to an increase counteracting mitigation effort up to a magnitude of 20 to 80% (compared to the effect of emission and background changes) in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, and Italy. Given the good skill of the GAM model to capture meteorological effect, this estimate can be considered quite robust.
The relative contribution of agriculture and industry to the total PM10 mass has been reduced by around 30% for both sectors, but the similarity of evolution is not directly linked to the emission trends in the respective sectors. The relationship between emissions and concentrations is nonlinear and depends on availability of precursor gases to form ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate. The relative contribution of traffic sources to PM10 has been reduced with around 20%, while the trend attributed to residential heating is marginal. The heating sector has become a relatively more important contributor to the aerosol pollution and needs more attention. The model also indicates that the natural contributions (such as sea salt and dust) has had little impact on the long-term changes in PM10.
The analysis includes observational data only from stations with data available for at least 14 years in the period 2000-2017. This drastically reduces the number of monitoring sites included in the analysis and the spatial representativity of the assessment, with bias towards countries benefiting from a long-term monitoring network.
Further improvements of models as well as observational basis are needed to reduce the uncertainties. Understanding organic aerosols from the residential heating sector should be a priority.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Status report of air quality in Europe for year 2024, using validated and up-to-date data
This report presents summarised information on the status of air quality in Europe in 2024, based on Up-To-Date data (i.e. prior to final quality control) and validated air quality monitoring data officially reported by the member and cooperating countries of the EEA. It aims at giving more timely and preliminary information on the status of ambient air quality in Europe in 2024 for five key air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2 and SO2). The report also gives a preliminary assessment of the progress towards meeting the European air quality standards for the protection of health and the World Health Organization air quality guideline levels, and compares the air quality status in 2024 with the previous years. The preliminary data reported for 2024 shows that 7% and 13% of the monitoring stations exceeded the EU standards for PM10 and O3, respectively. The WHO AQG for PM2.5, PM10, O3 and SO2 were exceeded by 93%, 59%, 98% and 3%, respectively. Exceedances of the NO2 limit value still occur in 7 reporting countries and NO2 WHO AQG occur in all reporting countries.
ETC/HE
2025
Method for high resolution emission estimations from construction sites. Phase I: Mapping input data
This report presents the results from exploring the available input data to develop a model for estimating air pollutants and GHG-emissions based on a bottom-up approach, including both exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. The availability of
reliable input data is the limiting factor and the most critical part of designing such a bottom-up approach. In this study, we have focussed on assessing input data that allow defining; i) the exact location and area affected during building and construction; ii) the starting and finalization dates; iii) the type of construction activity; iv) the non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) activity within building and construction; v) roads in the vicinity of construction sites.
NILU
2021
Rapporten gir en oversikt over Norges luftkvalitetsmålenettverk. Alle målestasjoner som rapporterer måledata til EEA/ESA er beskrevet og plasseringen er vurdert i forhold til krav i EUs direktiver.
Omgivelsene til stasjonene er beskrevet og viktige kilder til utslipp er identifisert. Plasseringen av målestasjonene er dokumentert med kart og flybilde og retningsvisende fotografier av området.
Avvik fra plasseringskriteriene er dokumentert. Anbefalinger for justeringer er gitt for enkelte stasjoner.
NILU
2022
Monitoring of long-range transported air pollutants in Norway. Annual report 2023.
This report presents results from the monitoring of atmospheric composition and deposition of air pollution in 2023, and focuses on main components in air and precipitation, particulate and gaseous phase of inorganic constituents, particulate carbonaceous matter, ground level ozone and particulate matter. The level of pollution in 2023 was generally low though a few episodes occurred. There was an increase in the PM levels in southern Norway during June, caused by a mixture of sources, including emissions from wildfires in Canada
NILU
2024
Environmental contaminants in freshwater food webs, 2021
This report presents monitoring data from freshwater food webs and abiotic samples from Lake Mjøsa and Femunden within the
Milfersk programme. Studies and monitoring of legacy and emerging contaminants have been carried out through this programme
for several years, focusing on the pelagic food web. This is the first report in the monitoring program focusing on a benthic food
chain (Chironomids, ruffe, roach and perch) in addition to inputs to Lake Mjøsa by analysis of lake sediments, surface waters,
stormwater, effluent and sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The analytical programme includes the determination
of a total of ̴ 260 single components.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2022
The health risk related to exposure to air pollution (fine particulate matter - PM2.5, ozone - O3, and nitrogen dioxide - NO2) in 2019 was estimated in terms of number of premature deaths and years of life lost related to exposure to for 41 European countries, including the 27 EU Member States. In 2019, air pollution continued to drive a significant burden of premature death and disease in the 41 countries reporting to EEA: 373,000 premature deaths were attributed to chronic exposure to PM2.5; 47,700 premature deaths were attributed to chronic NO2 exposure; 19,070 premature deaths were attributed to acute O3 exposure. The analysis on the EU’s progress to reach the 2030 target established in the Zero Pollution Action Plan shows a steady decrease in the number of premature deaths along the years, and if it continues to fall at a comparable rate in the future, then the target would be achieved by 2032. Had the new WHO air quality guideline level for PM2.5 of 5 µg/m3 been attained already in 2019 everywhere in Europe, the number of estimated premature deaths would have been at least 58 % lower. On the other hand, the attainment of the EU limit value for PM2.5 of 25 µg/m3 would have left the estimated number of premature deaths unchanged in EU-27.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Lørenskog kommune
NILU – Norsk institutt for luftforskning har, i samarbeid med Transportanalyse AS, utarbeidet en tiltaksutredning for bedre luftkvalitet i Lørenskog. Utredningen er gjennomført på oppdrag av Lørenskog kommune. Tiltaksutredningen omfatter en kartlegging av luftkvaliteten i Lørenskog kommune ved trafikkberegninger og utslipps- og spredningsberegninger for PM10, PM2,5 og NO2 for Dagens situasjon 2019 og Referansesituasjonen 2030 med eksisterende og eventuelle nye tiltak. Basert på resultatene fra beregningene og i samarbeid med oppdragsgiver og referansegruppen, er det foreslått en revidert handlings- og beredskapsplan som skal behandles politisk.
NILU
2023
Hazard and exposure assessment of do-it-yourself products forimpregnation
A large number of do-it-yourself impregnation products are marketed to Danish consumers. The products are typically used for re-impregnation of consumer products (e.g. footware and outdoor clothing) immediately after the products have been purchased or when the water and/or dirt-repellent effect begins to diminish.
The Danish Environmental Protection Agency has chosen to make a survey of the market, where 110 do-it-yourself impregnation products were identified within ten different application categories. Out of these products, 14 were included in initial chemical content analyzes, as well as hazard and exposure analyzes. The main components in the majority of the products were saturated hydrocarbons, but some of the products also contained oxygen-containing solvents (e.g. alcohols, ethers, esters or ketones). The potential hazard of 12 of the 14 selected impregnation spray products was performed by measuring acute respiratory toxicity. Of the 12 products tested, 10 inhibited the function of the lung surfactant and may therefore potentially be harmful by inhalation.
On the basis of this study, it could not be demonstrated that the products with PFAS resulted in an inhibition of the lung surfactant at lower doses as compared to products without PFAS; in fact, the lowest inhibitory doses were seen for impregnating agents based on siloxanes/silicones. The results show that the hazardous properties of an impregnation product cannot be determined solely on the basis of the ingredients, and it is therefore necessary to examine the ability of the individual products to inhibit the lung surfactant in connection with a hazard assessment.
Danish Environmental Protection Agency
2023
Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation. Annual Report 2020.
This report summarizes the results from the Norwegian monitoring programme on stratospheric ozone and UV radiation measurements. The ozone layer has been measured at three locations since 1979: In Oslo/Kjeller, Tromsø/Andøya and Ny-Ålesund. The UV measurements started in 1995. The results show that there was a significant decrease in stratospheric ozone above Norway between 1979 and 1997. After that, the ozone layer stabilized at a level ~2% below pre-1980 level. 2020 was characterized by a strong, cold, and persistent Arctic stratospheric vortex, leading to extensive formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs, mother-of-pearl clouds) and chemical ozone destruction with very low ozone values and high UV levels in the exposed regions in the spring.
NILU
2021
Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in the terrestrial and aquatic environment at remote Arctic sites
Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are widely used chemicals with high emissions to the atmosphere due to their volatility. They are found in the Arctic atmosphere, indicating potential for long-range transport. This study examined the potential for deposition of cVMS (D4, D5, D6) to surface media via snow in Arctic regions. Results showed low cVMS levels in vegetation, soil, sediment, and marine biota. D4 was detected above detection limits but generally below quantification limits, while D5 and D6 were generally not detected. This aligns with current research, suggesting negligible cVMS input from atmospheric deposition via snow and snow melt.
NILU
2025
Reviderte beregninger av luftkvalitet ved Bjørnheimveien 26
NILU har blitt engasjert av Prem Partners II A/S for å vurdere utbredelse av luftsoner for dagens situasjon og en framtidig situasjon med foreslått boligblokk i Bjørnheimveien 26. Det er anvendt en Gaussisk spredningsmodell for linjekilder (Hiway-2). Når det tas hensyn til lokal topografi ved det aktuelle området, viser beregningene at den nye bygningen i hovedsak faller utenfor rød luftsone på bakkenivå, med unntak av det sørøstre hjørnet av bygningen som beregningene indikerer at ligger innenfor. Videre viser beregningene at skjermingseffekten for eksisterende bebyggelse av en ny bygning er marginal. Rapporten er en revisjon av NILU-rapport 15/2021.
NILU
2024
Environmental pollutants in the terrestrial and urban environment 2019
Samples from the urban terrestrial environment in the Oslo area were analysed for various inorganic and organic environmental pollutants. The selected species were earthworm, fieldfare, sparrowhawk, brown rat, red fox and tawny owl. Air- and soil-samples were also included in the study to further the understanding on sources and uptake of pollutants. A foodchain approach was used to investigate trophic magnification of the different compounds.
NILU
2020