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2019
Effects of increased biomass removal on the biogeochemistry of two Norwegian forest ecosystems. NILU PP
2009
2009
2016
2007
2018
2009
2010
Effects of rocket launches in Ny-Ålesund, 2018 - 2019. Observations of snow and air samples.
The report summarizes the results from additional snow sampling and regular monitoring activities in connection to the rocket launch in Ny-Ålesund 7 Dec 2018, 26 Nov 2019 and 10 Dec 2019 to document possible impacts on environment and on the monitoring activities in Ny-Ålesund. An enhanced deposition of aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) on the local environment due to the rocket launch is observed.
NILU
2021
2014
2020
2025
Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the Hprt gene mutations in V79 hamster cells
The genotoxicity of anatase/rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs, NM105 at 3, 15 and 75 µg/cm2) was assessed with the mammalian in-vitro Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) gene mutation test in Chinese hamster lung (V79) fibroblasts after 24 h exposure. Two dispersion procedures giving different size distribution and dispersion stability were used to investigate whether the effects of TiO2 NPs depend on the state of agglomeration. TiO2 NPs were fully characterised in the previous European FP7 projects NanoTEST and NanoREG2. Uptake of TiO2 NPs was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TiO2 NPs were found in cytoplasmic vesicles, as well as close to the nucleus. The internalisation of TiO2 NPs did not depend on the state of agglomeration and dispersion used. The cytotoxicity of TiO2 NPs was measured by determining both the relative growth activity (RGA) and the plating efficiency (PE). There were no substantial effects of exposure time (24, 48 and 72 h), although a tendency to lower RGA at longer exposure was observed. No significant difference in PE values and no increases in the Hprt gene mutant frequency were found in exposed relative to unexposed cultures in spite of evidence of uptake of NPs by cells.
2020
2005
Effekt av lavutslippssoner på luftkvaliteten i Oslo. Utslipps- og spredningsberegninger. NILU rapport
2016
Effekt av strakstiltak på dager med høy luftforurensning og effekt for NO2. NILU OR
NILU og Urbanet Analyse AS har på oppdrag fra Vegdirektoratet vurdert effekten av noen eksempler på strakstiltak med hensyn på å redusere NO2-konsentrasjonene på dager med høy luftforurensning.
2015
Effekter av klima og klimaendringer på den bygde kulturarven. Nedbrytningsmekanismer og sårbarhet. NILU OR
2008
2005
Efficacy of individual and combined terrestrial and marine carbon dioxide removal
Abstract Limiting global temperature rise below 2°C requires significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and likely large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR). This study assesses the CO2 sequestration and efficacy of two CDR approaches, Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE), applied individually and in combination. Using the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2-LM), simulations were designed to ramp up deployment of BECCS and OAE, to an additional area of 5.2 million km² by 2100 for bioenergy feedstock for BECCS, and a CaO deployment rate of approximately 2.7 Gt/year for OAE within the exclusive economic zones of Europe, the United States and China. The combined land-ocean CDR simulation revealed a largely additive carbon removal effect. Over 2030-2100, OAE sequestered 7 ppm of CO 22 with an accumulated 82.3 Gt CaO, achieving a CDR effectiveness of 0.08 ppm (~ 0.17 PgC) per Gt CaO, while BECCS reduced 16 ppm of CO2, with CDR effectiveness of 3.1 ppm per million km² of bioenergy crops. Together, the carbon removal achieved by BECCS and OAE corresponds to anthropogenic CO₂ emissions of 5.4 Gt CO₂/year by 2100, slightly more than 60% of current global transport sector emissions. Notably, the efficiency of BECCS and OAE alone was unaffected by their concurrent deployment. Nevertheless, simulations revealed distinct non- linear interactions, such as declines in land and soil carbon sinks in the combined scenario. Furthermore, all simulations show negligible effects on the global annual mean temperature. These results highlight near-additive CDR responses even under net-negative emissions, but feedback on land and ocean carbon sinks must be considered when designing CDR portfolios. This study provides new insights into CDR portfolio design and Earth system feedback under an overshoot scenario, highlighting both their potential and the need for continued emissions cuts and supportive policies.
2026