Fant 10000 publikasjoner. Viser side 294 av 400:
Effects of climate variability on vegetation and carbon uptake in a North-Norwegian coastal wetland. NILU OR
Drivhusgassutveksling mellom terrestre økosystemer og atmosfæren er et viktig element i klimasystemet, og utslipp fra boreale og polare våtmarksområder er muligens avgjørende for den videre utviklingen av atmosfæriske konsentrasjoner av CO2 og metan, fordi de inneholder like mye av disse gassene som atmosfæren i dag. Målet med dette prosjektet var å estimere flukser av CO2 og metan i en nordnorsk kystmyr. Sju år med observasjoner viser at disse er sammenlignbare med verdier fra kystmyr ved lavere breddegrader og klart forskjellige fra alpine og mer kontinentale myr i Nord-Sverige og Nord-Finland. Den også sju år lange serien av meteorologiske data dokumenterer at været i denne perioden var både signifikant varmere (hele året, men spesielt om vinteren) og tørrere (spesielt om sommeren) enn normalen fra perioden 1961-1990. Karbonflukser i vekstperioden er følsomme for både tørke, kulde og forholdene i jordsmonnet før vekstperioden, men netto-økosystem-utvekslingen for et helt år varierer langt mindre.
2015
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2024
2015
Ny-Ålesund is an international research settlement where the thermodynamics and chemical composition of the air are monitored. The present work investigates the effects of micrometeorological conditions, mesoscale dynamics and local air pollution on the data collected at two different locations around the village. Daily filter measurements of sulphur dioxide and non-sea salt sulphate from the temporary Ny-Ålesund station and permanent Zeppelin mountain station have been analysed along with meteorological data. The influence of different factors representing micrometeorological phenomena and local pollution from ships has been statistically investigated. Seasonal variation of the correlation between the data from Ny-Ålesund and Zeppelin stations is revealed, and the seasonal dependence of the relative contribution of different factors has been analysed. The median concentrations of SO42- measured in Ny-Ålesund increased significantly on days with temperature inversions in winter. In spring, concentrations of SO2 and SO42- were higher than normal at both stations on days with temperature inversions, but lower on days with strong humidity inversions. In summer, local ship traffic affects the SO2 data set from Ny-Ålesund, while no statistically significant influence on the Zeppelin data set has been observed. The pollution from ships has an effect on SO42- values at both stations; however, the concentrations in Ny-Ålesund were higher when local pollution accumulated close to the ground in days with strong humidity inversions.
2018
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2010
Active vegetation fires in south-eastern (SE) Europe resulted in a notable increase in the number concentration of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) particles at two high latitude locations—the SMEAR IV station in Kuopio, Finland, and the Zeppelin Observatory in Svalbard, high Arctic. During the fire episode aerosol hygroscopicity κ slightly increased at SMEAR IV and at the Zeppelin Observatory κ decreased. Despite increased κ in high CCN conditions at SMEAR IV, the aerosol activation diameter increased due to the decreased supersaturation with an increase in aerosol loading. In addition, at SMEAR IV during the fire episode, in situ measured cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) increased by a factor of ∼7 as compared to non-fire periods which was in good agreement with the satellite observations (MODIS, Terra). Results from this study show the importance of SE European fires for cloud properties and radiative forcing in high latitudes.
2024
Effect of filter type in ventilation systems on NO2 concentrations in classrooms
This study was conducted to assess how different filter types in the ventilation system affect the indoor NO2 concentrations. Measurements were carried out in two classrooms and air intakes in a primary school located in Oslo, Norway. A regular F7 particle filter and an F7 combination filter with activated charcoal lin-ing were compared. NO2 concentrations were measured for five weeks during winter 2017 in a cross-over study design to compare: 1) NO2-levels in classrooms with regular filter (RF) versus combination filter (CF); 2) indoor/outdoor ratio with regular filter versus combination filter. One-hour average concentrations are reported during operating time of the ventilation system (6:00-23:00) and during hours with high (> 40 μg/m3) outdoor NO2 concentrations. The measured average NO2 concentrations in both classrooms with an RF were significantly higher than with a CF. The median CF/RF ratios for the two class-rooms were 0.50 and 0.81 during hours with high NO2 concentrations, and 0.48 and 1.00 during the period the ventilation system was operational. During hours with high NO2 concentrations, themedian indoor/outdoor ratios for the two class-rooms with an RF were above 1.00, while the corresponding ratios with a CF were 0.78 and 0.75. Our results demonstrate that a combination filter is more efficient than a regular filter in reducing NO2 concentrations in classrooms during hours with high out-door concentrations.
2019
2009
The choice of the minimum ventilation rate (Vmin) in a demand-controlled ventilation strategy can influence energy demand but also introduce outdoor air pollutants. The latter may have direct health effects, as well as affect indoor chemical reactions. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of ventilation rates and operation hours on the level of CO2, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) in a classroom during normal use. We compared the baseline ventilation scenario (S0) with a Vmin of 430 m3/h with S1; Vmin of 150 m3/h for normal ventilation operation time (6:30-17:00) and continuous ventilation for 24h (S2). We found that S1 with reduced Vmin would lower the ozone concentration by 35% during the hours before occupancy compared to S0. Moreover, continuous ventilation during night time with a low Vmin resulted in almost as high O3 concentrations as the baseline ventilation scenario. As O3 reacts easily with certain VOCs to produce secondary organic aerosols, the level of Vmin and the ventilation duration would impact the indoor air quality upon entering the classroom.
2023
Effect of climate change on flux of N and C: air-land-freshwater-marine links. Poster presentation. NILU F
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2014
EEA-33 Industrial Emissions Country Profiles. Methodology report. Updated July 2020.
The industrial emissions country profiles summarise key data related to industry: its relevance with respect to economic contributions, energy and water consumption, as well as air and water emissions and waste generation. The country profiles are developed for the EEA-33 countries which includes the 28 EU Member States together with Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey.
The present revision (v. 3.0) of this report includes data available at date of release. This year, a new reporting, the so-called EU-Registry and thematic data reporting, is introduced in order to gather the former E-PRTR, LCP and IED reportings and finally replace them. The 2018 data are not yet readily available. Nevertheless, more quality checks have been performed on the latest E-PRTR database in order to have the cleanest final E-PRTR dataset possible. Hence, the industrial emissions country profiles are enriched with the most up-to-date data sources while still only covering the years up to 2017.
This report describes the underlying methodology to the industrial emissions country profiles that are presented as a Tableau story on the EEA webpages ([1]).
The scope of industry in this respect includes in short all industrial activities reported under the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) excluding agriculture (activity code 7.(a) and 7.(b)). The data sources include Eurostat, the E-PRTR, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reported under the Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (MMR) and air pollutant emission inventories reported under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP), each of which have their own data categories. A recently developed EEA-mapping which align these different categories is used ([2]). The data sources and industry scope is presented in full detail in the Annexes following this report.
The water and air pollutants including greenhouse gases are selected based on criteria related to their relative impact. Emissions of heavy metals to air and water have been combined by weighted averages using both eco toxicology and human toxicology characterisation factors ([3]). The amounts of hazardous and non-hazardous waste reported under Eurostat is presented, but excluding the major mineral waste that dominates the mining and construction sectors.
The data quality is evaluated and gap filling of Eurostat data is performed when needed. A method for E-PRTR outlier handling is proposed and applied where appropriate.
The significance of industry, given by gross value added (GVA), energy consumption and water use, as well as generation of waste are presented in the Tableau story as a sector percentage of EEA-33 gross total as well as percentage of country total. The trend in air and water pollution is presented as totals per pollutants relative to the latest year (2017). For the latest year the emissions are also given as percentage per sector relative to country total. The details on how the presented data is processed and aggregated is described in Annex 2.
The report is to a large extent based on previous methodology reports for “Industrial pollution country profiles”, but is also further developed to reflect feedback received through Eionet review and general requests from EEA and the European Commission.
ETC/ATNI
2020