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Anodes fabricated from a single source coke were used for investigations of effect of porosity and surface roughness on the electrochemical performance in laboratory scale cells. In order to fabricate anodes differing in porosity, the production parameters were varied with two levels of mixing temperatures (150 and 210 °C) and three baking levels (underbaking at 1150°E, normal baking at 1260°E, overbaking at 1350°E). °E denotes the equivalent temperature which is a function of both the temperature the anode sees, and the time kept at this temperature. The low mixing anodes were more inhomogeneous with respect to both micro- and macroporosity, which can be attributed to the wetting between pitch and coke. After electrolysis, the real surface area of the low mixing anodes was about 13% higher than the high mixing anodes. Also, the low mixing electrodes had slightly larger electrochemically active surface area after electrolysis compared to the high mixing electrodes, as evidenced by higher capacitance measured at low current densities. Still, the mixing and equivalent baking temperatures did not affect the electrochemical overpotential at 1 A/cm2 to any significant extent. This could be understood from the 3D computed tomography images, which also showed that the electrolyte does not generally penetrate into the pores on the surface, penetration will depend on the size and shape of the pore.
2019
Effect of filter type in ventilation systems on NO2 concentrations in classrooms
This study was conducted to assess how different filter types in the ventilation system affect the indoor NO2 concentrations. Measurements were carried out in two classrooms and air intakes in a primary school located in Oslo, Norway. A regular F7 particle filter and an F7 combination filter with activated charcoal lin-ing were compared. NO2 concentrations were measured for five weeks during winter 2017 in a cross-over study design to compare: 1) NO2-levels in classrooms with regular filter (RF) versus combination filter (CF); 2) indoor/outdoor ratio with regular filter versus combination filter. One-hour average concentrations are reported during operating time of the ventilation system (6:00-23:00) and during hours with high (> 40 μg/m3) outdoor NO2 concentrations. The measured average NO2 concentrations in both classrooms with an RF were significantly higher than with a CF. The median CF/RF ratios for the two class-rooms were 0.50 and 0.81 during hours with high NO2 concentrations, and 0.48 and 1.00 during the period the ventilation system was operational. During hours with high NO2 concentrations, themedian indoor/outdoor ratios for the two class-rooms with an RF were above 1.00, while the corresponding ratios with a CF were 0.78 and 0.75. Our results demonstrate that a combination filter is more efficient than a regular filter in reducing NO2 concentrations in classrooms during hours with high out-door concentrations.
2019
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ICOS Norway – a carbon cycle infrastructure
The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) research infrastructure is aimed at quantifying and understanding the greenhouse gas balance of Europe and neighboring regions. ICOS-Norway brings together the leading
Norwegian institutes for greenhouse gas observations in the three Earth system domains atmosphere, ocean, and
terrestrial ecosystems, providing world-leading competence, which is integrated into one jointly funded and operated infrastructure. This provides Norway with a state-of-the-art research infrastructure embedded in European
and global efforts. Even though each Earth system domain was part of dedicated research infrastructures prior to
the establishment of ICOS-Norway, the greenhouse gas community in Norway was divided and there was minimal
collaboration across the Earth system domains. The overall goal of ICOS-Norway is to provide accurate and accessible data on, as well as integrated assessments of, the Norwegian carbon balance at regional scale, across the land,
ocean, and atmosphere. ICOS-Norway has thus led to an increased impact of environmental observing systems
in Norway and surrounding seas, easily seen through the number of publications and new proposals generated
as collaborative efforts. This poster presents the ICOS-Norway infrastructure, including plans for expansion and
long-term funding.
2019
CON+AIR: Addressing Conflicts of Climate and Air Pollution
The CON+AIR project presents two counterfactual scenarios for emissions and concentrations of air pollutants in Ireland in the year 2030.
Environmental Protection Agency
2019
The Forum for Air Quality Modelling (FAIRMODE) is a European network to exchange experiences and competence on the use of air quality models in the context of the Ambient Air Quality Directives. Its purpose is to identify and promote the use of good practices for air quality modelling and to propose harmonized ways to assess the quality of model-based air quality applications by EU Member States. The recommendations in this document are part of FAIRMODE’s contribution to the on-going fitness check of the two EU Ambient Air Quality Directives (Directives 2008/50/EC and 2004/107/EC) initiated by the European Commission. This document provides technical recommendations where the scientific consensus within FAIRMODE indicates that robust conclusions can be drawn, and identifies follow up actions. These recommendations might potentially affect the work of Member States in case they may be requested to be implemented. They may also be relevant to the outcome and follow-up to the fitness check of the Air Quality Directives. Finally, they have implications for the work of the FAIRMODE network itself, and guide future technical discussions
Publications Office of the European Union
2019
Monitoring of long-range transported air pollutants in Norway. Annual report 2018.
This report presents results from the monitoring of atmospheric composition and deposition of air pollution in 2018, and focuses on main components in air and precipitation, particulate and gaseous phase of inorganic constituents, particulate carbonaceous matter, ground level ozone and particulate matter. 2018 was a special year with elevated ozone levels during the whole summer season due to prolonged heat and drought.
NILU
2019
Air Quality in Ny-Ålesund. Monitoring of Local Air Quality 2018.
The concentrations of the measured components are generally low and below national limit values for the protection of
human health and critical levels for the protection of vegetation.
Wind from northern sectors gave the highest average concentrations of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide, which
indicates the power station and the harbour as possible sources. The measurement results for CO2 show an annual variation with higher concentrations in the winter and lower in summer. Measured concentrations of CO were most likely caused by local snowmobile traffic.
NILU
2019
ClairCity aims to contribute to citizen-inclusive air quality and carbon policy making in middle-sized European cities. It does so by investigating citizens’ current behaviours, their preferred future behaviours and their preferred future policy measures in six European cities. The project also examines the possible future impacts of citizens’ policy preferences and implementation possibilities for these measures in the light of the existing institutional contexts in each city. With this aim, ClairCity has carried out in all six cities an extensive citizen, stakeholder and policy maker engagement process (Chapter 1). This report summarises the main policy results for the first of the six cities, Bristol (UK). The other ClairCity cities are Amsterdam (NL), Ljubljana (SL), Sosnowiec (PL), CIRA/ Aveiro (PT) and Liguria / Genoa (IT).
ClairCity Project
2019
This report presents the results of the European Union Action
on Black Carbon in the Arctic (EUA-BCA) initiative’s review of
observation capacities and data availability for black carbon in the Arctic region.
EUA-BCA/AMAP
2019
Assessment of additives used in plastic in seabirds
Liver samples from 10 herring gulls (Larus argentatus) were investigated for a broad range of chemicals used as additives in plastic products. The aim of this study was to clarify if the ingestion of plastic by seabirds would cause additives to leach out and get taken up by the organism, posing a potential harm. After chemical trace analyses of the liver samples, considerable concentrations of S/MCCPs and dechloranes were detected. Of the other additive classes analysed for, only sporadic detections were observed. In general, the results from chemical analysis of additives used in plastic do not indicate a relationship between gastric contents (plastic occurrence in the stomach) and additive concentration in the liver, in respect to the chemical compounds investigated here.
NILU
2019
Kartlegging av lokal luftkvalitet i Hønefoss. Målinger 2018-2019.
NILU - Norsk institutt for luftforskning har på oppdrag fra Ringerike kommune gjennomført kartlegging av lokal luftkvalitet i Hønefoss. Måleprogrammet startet juni 2018 og ble avsluttet i mai 2019. Målingene ble gjennomført for å framskaffe kunnskapsgrunnlag for ny byplan i Hønefoss.
Måleprogrammet inneholdt måling av svevestøv og nitrogendioksid samt meteorologiske parametre som temperatur, trykk, relativ fuktighet og vind.
Årsmiddelkonsentrasjonen av PM2,5 lå under øvre, men over nedre vurderingsterskel. Årsmiddelverdiene av NO2 og PM10 lå ikke over nedre vurderingsterskel. Døgnmiddelverdier av PM10 og timemiddelkonsentrasjon av NO2 lå under øvre, men over nedre vurderingsterskel.
NILU
2019
Tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Tromsø
Tiltaksutredningen, med handlingsplan og tiltak, skal bidra til å redusere luftforurensningen til et nivå som tilfredsstiller kravene i forurensningsforskriften. Tiltaksutredningen omfatter en kartlegging av luftkvaliteten i Tromsø ved trafikkberegninger og utslipps- og spredningsberegninger for PM10, PM2,5 og NO2 for Dagens situasjon 2016 og Framtidig situasjon 2023 med og uten tiltak mot svevestøv. Basert på resultatene fra beregningene og i samarbeid med oppdragsgiver og arbeidsgruppen, er det foreslått en revidert handlings- og beredskapsplan som skal behandles politisk.
NILU
2019
Klima- og miljødepartementet og Landbruks- og matdepartement ga 27. juni 2016 Landbruksdirektoratet, Miljødirektoratet og Mattilsynet i oppdrag å revidere forskrift om gjødselvarer mv. av organisk opphav. I oppdraget ble det lagt vekt på tilrettelegging for økt ressursutnyttelse av restmaterialer i gjødselvarer og at nyttiggjøringen skjer på måter som minimerer forurensning til vann, jord og luft...
NIBIO
2019