Fant 9887 publikasjoner. Viser side 330 av 396:
2015
2016
2021
American Meteorological Society (AMS)
2023
State of the Climate in 2021: 5. The Arctic
American Meteorological Society
2022
State of the Climate in 2021: The Arctic
American Meteorological Society (AMS)
2022
State of the Climate in 2022: The Arctic
American Meteorological Society (AMS)
2023
State of the Climate in 2023 : Global Climate
American Meteorological Society (AMS)
2024
State of the Climate in 2023: The Arctic
American Meteorological Society (AMS)
2024
State of the environment in the Norwegian, Finnish and Russian border area. The Finnish environment 6/2007
2007
2017
2006
The current report provides a short overview of previous years’ studies on long-term trends in O3, NO2 and PM and the role of meteorological variability for the concentration of these pollutants. The previous studies on the link between trends and meteorology has shown that these links could be estimated by a careful design of model setups using CTMs (chemical transport models). The conclusions from this work is that CTMs are certainly useful tools for explaining pollutant trends in terms of the separate impact of individual physio-chemical drivers such as emissions and meteorology although computationally demanding. The statistical GAM model that have been developed as part of the recent ETC/ACM and ETC/ATNI tasks could be considered as complementary to the use of CTMs for separating the influence of meteorological variability from other processes. The main limitation of the statistical model is that it contains no parameterisation of the real physio-chemical processes and secondly, that it relies on a local assumption, i.e. that the observed daily concentrations could be estimated based on the local meteorological data. We found clear differences in model performance both with respect to geographical area and atmospheric species. In general, the best performance was found for O3 (although not for peak levels) with gradually lower performance for NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 in that order. With respect to area, the model produced the best predictions for Central Europe (Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Austria, Czech Republic) and poorer agreement with observations in southern Europe. Although the GAM model did not detect many meteorology induced long-term trends in the data, the model is well suited for separating the influence of meteorology from the other driving forces, such as emissions and boundary conditions. The GAM model thus provides robust and smooth long-term trend functions corrected for meteorology as well as the perturbations from year to year, reflecting the variability in weather conditions. One could consider to define a set of performance criteria to decide if the GAM model is applicable for a specific station and parameter.
ETC/ATNI
2020
Statoil raffineri Mongstad. Måleprogram luft- og nedbørkvalitet 2011 -2013. NILU OR
NILU - Norsk institutt for luftforskning har på oppdrag fra Statoil Petroleum AS utført måleprogram for luft- og nedbørkvalitet ved Mongstad. To stasjoner ble benyttet i prgrammet, Sande nord for raffineriet og Sundsbø sør-øst for raffineriet. Middelkonsentrasjonen av NOx på Sande og Sundsbø var hhv. 3,43 og 1,42 µg/m3, dvs. lave verdier. Maksimale time¬middel¬verdier av NO2 var hhv. 49,9 µg/m3 og 36,4 µg/m3 (Sande og Sundsbø). For O3 var årsmiddelkonsentrasjon i 2012 på Sande 64,6 µg/m3, høyeste timemiddel var 145,4 µg/m3. SO2 viste gjennomgående lave verdier (høyeste timeverdi 7,24 µg/m3). For PM10 var årsmiddel i 2012 hhv. 16,8 µg/m3 og7,4 µg/m3 (Sande og Sundsbø), maksimalt døgnmiddel i 2012 var hhv. 60,9 µg/m3 og 29,1 µg/m3. Verdiene av BTEX (benzen, toluen, etylbenzen og xylen) var gjennomgående lave. Prøvetaking av PAH i luft ble gjort hver 6. dag, maksimumskonsentrasjonen av 16 EPA PAH var 6,96 ng/m3, maksimum benzo(a)pyren (BaP) var 0,050 ng/m3. PAH i nedbør viste maksimumskonsentrasjon lik 42,7 ng/L, maksimum BaP i nedbør var 0,679 ng/L..
2013
Statoils overvåkingsprogram for Snøhvit. Overvåking av vegetasjon og jord - gjenanalyser i 2013. NINA Rapport, 1017
2014
2023
2012
2012
Status and trends of NO2 ambient concentrations in Europe. ETC/ACC Technical paper, 2010/19
2011
Status for miljøet i Barentshavet og ytre påvirkning - rapport fra Overvåkingsgruppen 2017. Fisken og Havet, særnummer 1b-2017
2017