Fant 10084 publikasjoner. Viser side 400 av 404:
Revidert tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Tromsø
Stiftelsen NILU har, i samarbeid med Transportøkonomisk institutt (TØI), utarbeidet en revidert tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Tromsø kommune for perioden 2025 til 2030. Arbeidet omfatter en kartlegging av luftkvaliteten basert på trafikk-, utslipps- og spredningsberegninger for PM10, PM2,5 og NO2 for Dagens situasjon 2023, Referansesituasjonen 2030 og 2030 med tiltak. Det er beregnet risiko for overskridelse av dagens grenseverdier i forurensningsforskriften og for grenseverdier i nytt EU-direktiv som ennå ikke er tatt inn i norsk lovgiving.
NILU
2025
2025
2025
Best Practice Protocol for the validation of Aerosol, Cloud, and Precipitation Profiles (ACPPV)
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites - CEOS
2025
Introduction
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to effects on human lipid profiles, with several epidemiological studies reporting associations between specific PFAS and blood lipid concentrations. However, these associations have been inconsistent, and most studies have focused on cross-sectional analyses with limited repeated measurements.
Objective
In this study, we investigated associations between serum PFAS concentrations and major blood lipid classes over a 30-year period (1986–2016) and up to five time points. Lipids analyzed included total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG).
Methods
This study included 145 participants from The Tromsø Study, Norway, who donated plasma samples three to five times over the study period. Linear mixed-effects (LME) models assessed longitudinal associations between PFAS and lipid classes, while multiple linear regression (MLR) models were used for cross-sectional associations.
Results
LME models demonstrated positive longitudinal associations between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) with TC. Additionally, PFOA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, and PFTrDA were associated with LDL-C, and PFUnDA and summed perfluorooctane sulfonate isomers (∑PFOS) with HDL-C. Cross-sectional analyses corroborated positive associations between the six PFAS compounds and TC at least three times, but the LDL-C and HDL-C associations were not confirmed. Summed perfluorooctane sulfonamide isomers (∑PFOSA) showed a negative association with LDL-C longitudinally, but this was not confirmed cross-sectionally. No associations were observed between PFAS and TG, longitudinally or cross-sectionally.
Conclusion
Concentrations of multiple PFAS were positively associated with blood lipids in longitudinal analyses, with the most consistent associations observed between six PFCA compounds and TC. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into these complex associations.
2025
Sex and Gender Dimensions in Hazard and Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials
The knowledge on hazards and risks connected to human exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is still very limited, despite several decades of research and regulatory efforts at the international level. In particular, sex/gender‐related responses to such exposure have not been clearly articulated so far in any of the existing guidance documents or regulatory relevant opinions provided to the parties involved in the risk assessment and risk management of ENMs. We aimed to demonstrate the relevance of the sex/gender dimension for the characterization of the risks and hazards associated with ENMs by analyzing existing scientific data on sex‐related differences in response to ENMs exposure. This was achieved by performing an extensive review of in vivo mammalian toxicity studies published in PubMed and Web of Science databases. Further analysis was performed only for data reported in publications that satisfied scientific quality criteria assessed using the GUIDEnano approach. Finally, we demonstrated the importance of the sex/gender dimension for safety testing of ENMs in the future and provided recommendations on how to include the sex/gender dimension in toxicity testing of ENMs to ensure precise, transparent, and reliable conclusions in the process of hazard and risk assessments. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
2025
Melkøya ferskvann, nedbør, vegetasjon og jord 2024
I 2024 var det igjen tid for den tradisjonelle overvåkningen av ferskvann. I forbindelse med endringer i produksjonen og mulige økte utslipp av kvikksølv ble det gjort enkelte endringer i programmet for ferskvann samtidig som det ble iverksatt undersøkelser av kvikksølv (Hg), bly (Pb) og polysykliske aromatiske hydrokarboner (PAH) i nedbør, vegetasjon og jord. I det nye programmet er det god samlokalisering mellom prøvetakingsstasjoner for ferskvann, nedbør, vegetasjon og jordprøver.
Det ble gjennomført innsamling av prøver i ferskvann, nedbør, vegetasjon og jord fra starten av september.
Akvaplan-niva
2025
2025
Genotoxicity assessment is essential for ensuring chemical safety and mitigating risks to human health and the environment. Traditional methods, reliant on animal models, are time-consuming, costly, and raise ethical concerns. New Approach Methods (NAMs) offer innovative, cost-effective, and ethical alternatives, playing a pivotal role in both traditional and next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) by minimizing the need for animal testing, particularly in genotoxicity evaluations. However, the development of NAMs often overlooks the particular physicochemical properties of nanomaterials (NMs), which significantly influence their toxicological behaviour and can interfere with genotoxicity evaluation. This underscores an urgent need for the standardization and adaptation of NAMs to address nano- and advanced material-specific genotoxicity challenges. In this review, we summarize the challenges associated with genotoxicity testing of NMs and highlight the suitability of existing in vitro and in silico NAMs for NMs and advanced materials, enabling genotoxicity testing across various exposure routes and organ systems. Despite considerable progress, regulatory validation remains constrained by the absence of approved test guidelines and standardized protocols. To achieve regulatory acceptance, it is crucial to adapt NAMs to NM-specific exposure scenarios, refine test systems to better mimic human biology, develop tailored in vitro protocols, and ensure thorough characterisation of NMs both in pristine form and dispersed in culture medium. Collaborative efforts among scientists, regulators, industry, and advocacy groups are vital to improving the reliability and regulatory acceptance of NAMs. By addressing these challenges, NAMs have the potential to revolutionize genotoxicity risk assessment, advancing it towards a more sustainable, efficient and ethical framework.
2025
A Nano Risk Governance Portal supporting risk governance of nanomaterials and nano-enabled products
isk governance (RG) of nanomaterials (NMs) has been at the focus of the Horizon 2020 Programme of the European Union, through the funding of three research projects (Gov4Nano, NANORIGO, RISKGONE). The extensive collaboration of the three projects, in various scientific topics, aimed to enhance RG of NMs and provide a solid scientific basis for effective collaboration of the various types of stakeholders involved. In this paper the development of a digital Nano Risk Governance Portal (NRGP) and associated information technology (IT) infrastructure supporting the risk governance of (engineered) nanomaterials and nano-enabled products, is presented, alongside considerations for future work and enhancement within the domain of Advanced Materials (AdMa). This paper describes several elements of this digital portal, which serves as a single-entry point for all stakeholders in need of, or interested in, nano-risk governance aspects. In its simplest form, the NRGP allows users to be efficiently guided towards tailored information about nanomaterials, risk governance concepts, guidance documents, harmonized methods for risk assessment, publicly accessible data, information and knowledge, as well as a directory of tools, to assess the exposure and hazard of nanomaterials and perform Safe-and-Sustainable-by-Design (SSbD) assessment in the context of nano-risk governance. This paper presents the technical implementation and the content of the first version of the NRGP alongside the vision for the future and further plans for development, implementation, hosting and maintenance of the NRGP aimed at ensuring its sustainability. This includes a procedure to link to, or include, currently available and future (nano)material-related (cloud) platforms, decision support systems, tools, guidance, and databases in line with good governance objectives.
2025
CAMS Assessment Report on European Air Quality 2024
The full report provides reference information on air quality in Europe in 2024. The purpose of the report is to present a consistent and accurate estimate of European air quality focusing on key indicators and on the origin of selected pollution episodes. It is intended to support air quality experts in their reporting under air quality legislation by providing an overview over the status of European transboundary air pollution. It contains updated information on key indicators for background air quality for the main regulatory pollutants: ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter of 10 micrometres or less in diameter (PM10) and particulate matter of 2.5 micrometres or less in diameter (PM2.5).
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
2025
Alarmerende funn: Advarer: - Om dette fortsetter blir det ille
Metanutslipp på Svalbard øker i takt med et varmere klima. Nå advarer forskerne om at utslippene vil kunne overstige olje- og energisektoren.
2025
Fine particulate matter (PM) poses a major threat to public health, with organic aerosol (OA) being a key component. Major OA sources, hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), and oxygenated OA (OOA), have distinct health and environmental impacts. However, OA source apportionment via positive matrix factorization (PMF) applied to aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) or aerosol chemical speciation monitoring (ACSM) data is costly and limited to a few supersites, leaving over 80% of OA data uncategorized in global monitoring networks. To address this gap, we trained machine learning models to predict HOA, BBOA, and OOA using limited OA source apportionment data and widely available organic carbon (OC) measurements across Europe (2010–2019). Our best performing model expanded the OA source data set 4-fold, yielding 85 000 daily apportionment values across 180 sites. Results show that HOA and BBOA peak in winter, particularly in urban areas, while OOA, consistently the dominant fraction, is more regionally distributed with less seasonal variability. This study provides a significantly expanded OA source data set, enabling better identification of pollution hotspots and supporting high-resolution exposure assessments.
2025
A pooled analysis of host factors that affect nucleotide excision repair in humans
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is crucial for repairing bulky lesions and crosslinks in DNA caused by exogenous and endogenous genotoxins. The number of studies that have considered DNA repair as a biomarker is limited, and therefore one of the primary objectives of the European COST Action hCOMET (CA15132) was to assemble and analyse a pooled database of studies with data on NER activity. The database comprised 738 individuals, gathered from 5 laboratories that ran population studies using the comet-based in vitro DNA repair assay. NER activity data in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were normalized and correlated with various host-related factors, including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking habits. This multifaceted analysis uncovered significantly higher NER activity in female participants compared to males (1.08 ± 0.74 vs. 0.92 ± 0.71; P = .002). Higher NER activity was seen in older subjects (>30 years), and the effect of age was most pronounced in the oldest females, particularly those over 70 years (P = .001). Females with a normal BMI (<25 kg/m2) exhibited the highest levels of NER, whereas the lowest NER was observed in overweight males (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). No independent effect of smoking was found. After stratification by sex and BMI, higher NER was observed in smoking males (P = .017). The biological implication of higher or lower repair capacity remains unclear; the inclusion of DNA repair as a biomarker in molecular epidemiological trials should elucidate the link between health and disease status.
2025