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2015
2015
2018
Assessing the siting of air quality sampling points at industrial sites
Air quality measurements at industrial locations are intended to assess emission sources typically of the largest magnitude, many of which operate over a long time and are subject to specific permitting rules. Industrial sources represent a significant contribution to the air pollution that people and ecosystems are exposed to. Therefore, appropriately sited sampling points are essential to understanding the characteristics of these emissions, which is necessary to design meaningful monitoring network, implement effective abatement strategies, and inform supplementary assessment methods such as dispersion modelling. Existing environmental legislation establishes criteria for the reporting of industrial emissions and for the design of monitoring networks on pollutant concentrations: 1) the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED), 2) the Regulation on European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR), and 3) the Ambient Air Quality Directives (AAQDs, Directives 2008/50/EC and 2004/107/EC, as well as the Revised Directive (EU) 2024/2881). The AAQDs provide rules and guidance for monitoring stations across different environments, including specific rules for those classified as industrial. In this study we have evaluated the air quality monitoring sampling points associated with industrial sources. The overarching aim is to underpin assessments by the European Commission of whether the criteria for placing industrial sampling points are applied throughout the European Union in a harmonised manner and whether the application of the criteria ensures that the highest exposure of the general population to air pollution from industrial sources is measured in all air quality zones. For this reason, we have carried out an evaluation of the 2019 monitoring network across Europe in the vicinity of industrial sources.
Publications Office of the European Union
2025
2012
Assessing, quantifying and valuing the ecosystem services of coastal lagoons
The natural conservation of coastal lagoons is important not only for their ecological importance, but also because of the valuable ecosystem services they provide for human welfare and wellbeing. Coastal lagoons are shallow semi-enclosed systems that support important habitats such as wetlands, mangroves, salt-marshes and seagrass meadows, as well as a rich biodiversity. Coastal lagoons are also complex social-ecological systems and the ecosystem services that lagoons deliver provide livelihoods, benefits wellbeing and welfare to humans. This study assessed, quantified and valued the ecosystem services of 32 coastal lagoons. The main findings of the study were: (i) the definitions of ecosystem services are still not generally accepted; (ii) the quantification of ecosystem services is made in many different ways, using different units; (iii) the evaluation in monetary terms of some ecosystem service is problematic, often relying on non-monetary evaluation methods; (iv) when ecosystem services are valued in monetary terms, this may represent very different human benefits; and, (v) different aspects of climate change, including increasing temperature (SST), sea-level rise (SLR) and changes in rainfall patterns threaten the valuable ecosystem services of coastal lagoons.
2018
Assessment of additives used in plastic in seabirds
Liver samples from 10 herring gulls (Larus argentatus) were investigated for a broad range of chemicals used as additives in plastic products. The aim of this study was to clarify if the ingestion of plastic by seabirds would cause additives to leach out and get taken up by the organism, posing a potential harm. After chemical trace analyses of the liver samples, considerable concentrations of S/MCCPs and dechloranes were detected. Of the other additive classes analysed for, only sporadic detections were observed. In general, the results from chemical analysis of additives used in plastic do not indicate a relationship between gastric contents (plastic occurrence in the stomach) and additive concentration in the liver, in respect to the chemical compounds investigated here.
NILU
2019
2018
2016
2010
2011
2018
2017
2015
Assessment of emissions/ discharges of mercury reaching the Arctic environment. NILU OR
Our knowledge of mercury fluxes on a global scale is still incomplete. The above presented estimates for Europe and North America seem to contribute less about 25 % to the global anthropogenic emissions of the element to the atmosphere. The majority of the remaining emissions originate from combustion of fossil fuels, particularly in the Asian countries including China, India, and South and North Korea. Even less and very controversial information is available on emissions of mercury from natural sources, including volatilization of the element from terrestrial and aquatic surfaces. In general, it is assumed that natural emissions of the element are about 3000 t/year, thus contributing more 60 % to the total global emissions of mercury. However, much work needs to be done in order to verify the above estimate.
2000
2014
2014
2015
2013
2002
Assessment of governmental air management systems. Abu Dhabi Air Monitoring Network Supervision. NILU OR
2006
Assessment of ground-level ozone in EEA member countries, with a focus on long-term trends. Technical report, 7/2009
2009
Assessment of heavy metal and POP pollution on global, regional and national scales
Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - East (MSC-E)
2022
2009