Fant 9760 publikasjoner. Viser side 53 av 391:
2011
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2022
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2014
Emission inventories indicate that thallium, a highly toxic metal, is emitted during coal burning and cement production. These estimates have been established only for the 1980s and 1990s but up to now they have not been compared to long-term observations. Here we used alpine ice cores to document thallium pollution over Europe since ∼1850. Ice-core thallium concentrations increased from 1890 to 1910, and decreased after 1965 to concentrations that were half 1890 levels. Comparison of ice-core trends, estimated past emissions, and state-of-the-art atmospheric aerosol transport modeling suggest that coal burning was responsible for thallium pollution in Europe, particularly from 1920 to 1965 because of high coal consumption at that time. The subsequent decline resulted from decreased coal consumption and reduced emissions following technological improvements. The ice-core data suggest that the rapid growth of cement production that took place in Europe after 1950 had a limited impact on thallium pollution.
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2022
2014
2009
2018
Testing ethical impact assessment for nano risk governance
Risk governance of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies has been traditionally mainly limited to risk assessment, risk management and life cycle assessment. Recent approaches have experimented with widening the scope and including economic, social, and ethical aspects. This paper reports on tests and stakeholder feedback on fine-tuning the use of ethical impact assessment guidelines (RiskGONE D3.6) and online tools adapting the CEN Workshop Agreement part 2 CWA 17145-2:2017 (E)) to support risk governance of nanomaterials, in the RiskGONE project. The EIA guidelines and tools are intended to be used as one module in a multicriteria decision support framework for risk governance of nanomaterials, but may also be used for a stand-alone ethical impact assessment.
Nanomaterials are new forms of materials with structures at sizes between 1 and 100 nanometres (a millionth of a millimetre). They can be particles, tubes, platelets or other shaped structures. Nanomaterials can be applied in many different products, ranging from medicine to solar panels. Researchers, governments and stakeholders have been concerned with potential risks for human health and the environment for decades. Also, how nanomaterials behave during the production, use and waste processing of the products they are included in has been investigated in Life Cycle Analysis. However, ethical issues which may be raised by the use of nanomaterials in those products are usually not investigated. In this article, the procedure for an ethical impact assessment described in the CEN Workshop Agreement CWA 17145-@:2017 (E) is adapted to nanomaterials. Users who want to perform this assessment are guided through the procedure by online tools. The guidelines and tools were tested on several case studies and discussed with stakeholders, who commented on the criteria which should be used and on who could use the tools. This results in recommendations for improving the guidelines and online tools.
2024
Testing av utslippsfaktorer for vedfyring i AirQUIS. En sensitivitetsstudie for PM2.5 i Oslo. NILU OR
Utslipp fra vedfyring gir et av de største bidragene til partikkelutslipp i Norge, men det er en del usikkerhet rundt utslippstallene og hvor mye vedfyring bidrar til de bakkenære konsentrasjonene. Det er gjort spredningsberegninger for Oslo for å vurdere utslipp fra vedfyring og teste ulike parametere som er knyttet opp mot denne kilden. Det er vært testet for 3 ulike vinterperioder for å se på meteorologisk variasjon (Basisberegninger), med nye utslippsfaktorer fra SINTEF (scenario SINTEF), kraftig kutt i utslippene (scenario Forbruk) og med en ny fordeling av utslippet over døgnet (scenario TID).
Modellen overestimerer klart bidraget fra vedfyring i basisberegningene som inkluderer det største utslippet for vedfyring i denne studien. Selv med bruk av nye utslippsfaktorer fra SINTEF som gir mindre utslipp og som gir et noe bedre resultat enn de tidligere faktorene, er det fortsatt klart at utslippene fra vedfyring gir for høye konsentrasjoner, spesielt på kvelden. I kombinasjon med resultatene fra andre scenarioberegninger vurderer vi det til at utslippene ikke er riktige hverken i mengde eller fordeling i tid og rom.
J.W. Cappelens Forlag AS
2013
Test Centre Mongstad. Spredningsberegninger for utslipp til luft fra Test Centre Mongstad (TCM). NILU OR
2008
Terrestrisk naturovervåking. Persistente organiske miljøgifter i rovfuglegg i Norge. NINA oppdragsmelding, 701
2001
2006