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2019
Contaminants in fish from Etnefjord, Norway. NILU OR
1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) is one of the most frequently used brominated flame retardants (BFR) and is considered as an emerging environmental pollutant. Recently, high levels of HBCDD were reported in five different fish species from Etnefjord, which is a branch of the Hardangerfjord at the southwest coast of Norway. This report raised some serious concerns and the Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agency (Klif) therefore initiated a survey of HBCDD in cod and flounder from Etnefjorden in order to confirm the findings. In addition to HBCDD, the levels of other environmental pollutants were analyzed in the fish, namely polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), mercury (Mg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). The fish muscle filet and livers were prepared and analyzed using recognized and previously published methods. The levels of HBCDD in the fish were low, representing expected background concentrations. HBCDD was only detected in the cod livers with concentrations ranging 0.3-5.7 ng/g wet weight, corresponding to 1.3-8.2 ng/g on a lipid weight basis. Previously, it was reported a level of 30 000 ng/g lipid weight in cod filet, which is, as far as we know, the highest HBCDD concentration ever reported in cod. Our study could, therefore, not confirm the recent findings that showed high HBCDD concentrations in fish from the Etnefjord area. Also, the levels of the other pollutants were low. For example, the concentrations of DDT, PCB, HCH and Hg can, according to Klifs system for classification of environmental state, be regarded as background levels (class 1, slightly/negligible polluted). In conclusion, there are no recons to believe that cod and flounder in Etnefjorden is exposed to considerable amount of environmental pollutants, neither of HBCDD nor other contaminants. Only further analysis of sediments from the inner site of the fjord can, however, positively reveal a possible HBCDD source.
2011
Contaminants in Greenlandic food and chiral pesticides as indicators for selective uptake processes.
2014
2016
2003
2020
2020
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2017
2024
Content and migration of chemical additives from plastic products
NILU has, on behalf of the Norwegian Environment Agency, performed chemical analyses of a selection of additives in plastic products. The goal was to identify content and migration of the chemical additives in and from the products to air and surfaces of the products at room temperature. The plastic products covered extension cord, sockets, flooring, wall papers, upholstery, PC-mouse and PCs. Targeted chemicals were organophosphorous flame retardants (OPFRs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs) including TBBPA, and chlorinated substances. TPHP (triphenyl phosphate) was detected in most sample types, but the highest concentrations were found for TBEP (tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate. The highest number of compounds were detected in the PC-mouses and high levels were also found in the surface wipes on PC-mouses. None of the targeted compounds were detected in the air samples.
NILU
2022
2015
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2009
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2015
Contribution of agriculture to air quality problems in cities and in rural areas in Europe. ETC/ACM Technical Paper, 2013/10
2013
2014
2014
2012
Contribution of fluorescent primary biological aerosol particles to low-level Arctic cloud residuals
Mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) are key players in the Arctic climate system due to their role in modulating solar and terrestrial radiation. Such radiative interactions rely, among other factors, on the ice content of MPCs, which is regulated by the availability of ice-nucleating particles (INPs). While it appears that INPs are associated with the presence of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) in the Arctic, the nuances of the processes and patterns of INPs and their association with clouds and moisture sources have not been resolved. Here, we investigated for a full year the abundance of and variability in fluorescent PBAPs (fPBAPs) within cloud residuals, directly sampled by a multiparameter bioaerosol spectrometer coupled to a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor inlet at the Zeppelin Observatory (475 m a.s.l.) in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. fPBAP concentrations (10−3–10−2 L−1) and contributions to coarse-mode cloud residuals (0.1 to 1 in every 103 particles) were found to be close to those expected for high-temperature INPs. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of PBAPs, most likely bacteria, within one cloud residual sample. Seasonally, our results reveal an elevated presence of fPBAPs within cloud residuals in summer. Parallel water vapor isotope measurements point towards a link between summer clouds and regionally sourced air masses. Low-level MPCs were predominantly observed at the beginning and end of summer, and one explanation for their presence is the existence of high-temperature INPs. In this study, we present direct observational evidence that fPBAPs may play an important role in determining the phase of low-level Arctic clouds. These findings have potential implications for the future description of sources of ice nuclei given ongoing changes in the hydrological and biogeochemical cycles that will influence the PBAP flux in and towards the Arctic
2024