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Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) as a Source of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) to the Atmosphere: Field Evidence from Long-Term Air Monitoring

Sha, Bo; Johansson, Jana H.; Tunved, Peter; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla; Cousins, Ian T.; Salter, Matthew E.

The effective enrichment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in sea spray aerosols (SSA) demonstrated in previous laboratory studies suggests that SSA is a potential source of PFAAs to the atmosphere. In order to investigate the influence of SSA on atmospheric PFAAs in the field, 48 h aerosol samples were collected regularly between 2018 and 2020 at two Norwegian coastal locations, Andøya and Birkenes. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) between the SSA tracer ion, Na+, and PFAA concentrations were observed in the samples from both locations, with Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) between 0.4–0.8. Such significant correlations indicate SSA to be an important source of atmospheric PFAAs to coastal areas. The correlations in the samples from Andøya were observed for more PFAA species and were generally stronger than in the samples from Birkenes, which is located further away from the coast and closer to urban areas than Andøya. Factors such as the origin of the SSA, the distance of the sampling site to open water, and the presence of other PFAA sources (e.g., volatile precursor compounds) can have influence on the contribution of SSA to PFAA in air at the sampling sites and therefore affect the observed correlations between PFAAs and Na+.

2021

SDGs at the halfway point: How the 17 global goals address risks and wicked problems

Pedersen, Anders Branth; Hickmann, Thomas; Renn, Ortwin; Eckert, Nicolas; Jax, Kurt; Lepenies, Robert; Liu, Hai Ying; Lyytimäki, Jari; Reis, Stefan; Rusch, Graciela

Springer

2023

Screening Programme 2023

Gundersen, Cathrine Brecke; Nipen, Maja; Reid, Malcolm James; Ruus, Anders; Rostkowski, Pawel; Blévin, Pierre; Jourdain, Eve Marie; Junge, Claudia; Bæk, Kine; Rundberget, Thomas; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Borgen, Anders; Halse, Anne Karine; Vogelsang, Christian; Brkljacic, Marijana Stenrud; Moy, Siri Røang; Ranneklev, Sissel Brit

Norsk institutt for vannforskning

2024

Screening Programme 2022. New environmental pollutants.

Gundersen, Cathrine Brecke; Reid, Malcolm; Rostkowski, Pawel; Bæk, Kine; Rundberget, Thomas; Vogelsang, Christian; Rødland, Elisabeth; Beylich, Bjørnar; Eikenes, Heidi; Bäcklund, Are; Walker, Sam-Erik; Borgen, Anders Røsrud; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Håland, Alexander; Schmidbauer, Norbert

The 2022 Screening Programme followed up on some findings from the 2020 Screening Programme. This included further
investigation of plastic-related substances, tyre-related substances, and disinfection agents. The 2022 Programme also included
additional new PFAS, bisphenols, and new siloxanes.

Norsk institutt for vannforskning

2023

Screening Programme 2021

Schlabach, Martin; van Bavel, Bert; Bæk, Kine; Dadkhah, Mona Eftekhar; Gabrielsen, Geir W.; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla; Reid, Malcolm James; Rostkowski, Pawel; Rundberget, Thomas; Ndungu, Kuria; Rødland, Elisabeth Strandbråten; Schmidbauer, Norbert; Harju, Mikael; Beylich, Bjørnar; Vogelsang, Christian

The Screening Programme 2021 was carried out by the Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) and NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research. The spotlight was placed on the occurrence and possible environmental problems of 218 chemicals. The selected substances may be included in numerous products and their usage patterns are not easily defined so an array of different locations and sample-types were investigated. The total number of results exceeds 26 000. Results are can be downloaded from the database Vannmiljø.

Norsk institutt for vannforskning

2022

Screening Programme 2020, Part 1 and 2: Plastic Additives and REACH Compounds

Schlabach, Martin; van Bavel, Bert; Bæk, Kine; Dadkhah, Mona Eftekhar; Eikenes, Heidi; Halse, Anne Karine; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla; Reid, Malcolm James; Rostkowski, Pawel; Rundberget, Thomas; Baz-Lomba, Jose Antonio; Kringstad, Alfhild; Rødland, Elisabeth Strandbråten; Schmidbauer, Norbert; Harju, Mikael; Beylich, Bjørnar; Vogelsang, Christian

I screening 2020 gjennomført av Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA) og NILU-Norsk institutt for luftforskning i fellesskap ble det satt søkelys på forekomst og mulige miljøproblemer av 160 kjemikalier. Forbindelser som er valgt ut til Screening 2020 inkluderer tilsetningsstoffer til plast og nylig registrerte stoffer i REACH registeret.

Norsk institutt for vannforskning

2022

Screening Programme 2017 – AMAP Assessment Compounds

Schlabach, Martin; van Bavel, Bert; Baz-Lomba, Jose Antonio; Borgen, Anders; Gabrielsen, Geir W.; Götsch, Arntraut; Halse, Anne Karine; Hanssen, Linda; Krogseth, Ingjerd Sunde; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Nygård, Torgeir; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla; Reid, Malcolm James; Rostkowski, Pawel; Samanipour, Saer

This report summarizes the findings of a screening study on the occurrence of emerging substances selected by AMAP and other related substances measured earlier. The study includes selected solvents, siloxanes, flame retardants, UV compounds, pesticides, bisphenols and other PBT compounds in effluent, ambient air, biota, and marine plastic.

NILU

2018

Screening programme 2016 - Selected compounds with relevance for EU regulation. NILU report

Schlabach, M.; van Bavel, B.; Baz Lomba, J. A.; Borgen, A.; Fjeld, E.; Halse, A.-K.; Nikiforov, V.; Bohlin- Nizzetto, P.; Reid, M.; Rostkowski, P.; Vogelsang, C.

This report summarizes the findings of a screening study into the occurrence of selected solvents, siloxanes, flame retardants, bisphenols and other PBT compounds in effluents, sewage sludge, surface water, sediments, house dust, indoor air and biota.

2017

Screening programme 2015. Pharmaceuticals and hormones. NIVA report, 7076-2016

Thomas, K.V.; Langford, K.; Reid, M.; Vogelsang, C.; Øxnevad, S.; Bæk, K.; Fjeld, E.; Brooks, S.; Pampanin, D.M.; Nikiforov, V.; Schlabach, M.

This report summarises the findings of a screening study into the occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals and hormones in effluents, sludges, surface waters, sediments and biota.

2016

Screening programme 2015. Benzothiazoles, siloxanes, pigments & PBT compounds. NIVA report, 1639-2016

van Bavel, B.; Thomas, K.V.; Langford, K.; Reid, M.; Vogelsang, C.; Øxnevad, S.; Bæk, K.; Fjeld, E.; Brooks, S.; Schlabach, M.; Rostkowski, P.; Warner, N.; Borgen, A.; Halse, A.K.; Davanger, K.; Gundersen, H.

This report summarizes the findings of a screening study into the occurrence of selected benzothiazoles, siloxanes, pigments & PBT compounds in effluents, sewage sludge, surface water, sediments and biota.

2016

Screening programme 2014. Phosphites, selected PBT substances and non-target screening. NILU OR

Thomas, K.; Schlabach, M.; Langford, K.; Reid, M.; Fjeld, E.; Øxnevad, S.; Rundberget, T.; Bæk, K.; Rostkowski, P.; Röhler, L.; Borgen, A.

Forekomsten og miljørisiko av en rekke nye fosfitter og utvalgte PBT stoffer er rapportert for utslipp fra avløpsrenseanlegg og sigevann, samt sedimenter og biota fra Oslofjorden og Mjøsa. I tillegg ble det utført en hypotesefri miljøscreening av halvparten av alle biotaprøver.

2015

Screening program 2018. Volatiles, Gd, BADGE, UV filters, Additives, and Medicines.

Schlabach, Martin; Halse, Anne Karine; Kringstad, Alfhild; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla; Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo; Reid, Malcolm James; Rostkowski, Pawel; Vogelsang, Christian

This screening project has focused on the occurrence and environmental fate of chemicals with possible PBT-properties. Samples were from indoor environments, surface waters, municipal wastewater, and the receiving marine environment. Some of the detected chemicals need to be studied in more detail. One UV-filter compound shows a potential environmental risk.

NILU

2019

Screening program 2013. New bisphenols, organic peroxides, fluorinated siloxanes, organic UV filters and selected PBT substances. NILU OR

Thomas, K.; Schlabach, M.; Langford, K.; Fjeld, E.; Øxnevad, S.; Rundberget, T.; Bæk, K.; Rostkowski, P.; Harju, M.

Forekomsten og miljørisiko av en rekke nye bisfenoler, organiske peroksider, fluorerte siloksaner, organiske UV-filtre og utvalgte PBT stoffer er rapportert for utslipp fra avløpsvann renseanlegger og sigevann, samt sedimenter og biota fra Oslofjorden og Mjøsa.

2014

2014

Screening of selected pharmaceuticals in Sweden.

Woldegiorgis, A.; Andersson, J.; Brorström-Lundén, E.; Kaj, L.; Remberger, M.; Ekheden, Y.; Dusan, B.; Svensson, A.; Dye, C.; Schlabach, M.

2007

Screening of selected metals and new organic contaminants 2007. Phosphorus flame retardents, polyfluorinated organic compounds, nitro-PAHs, silver, platinum and sucralose in air, wastewater treatment falcilities, and freshwater and marine recipients. NIVA report, 5569-2008

Green, N.; Schlabach, M.; Bakke, T.; Brevik, E.M.; Dye, C.; Herzke, D.; Huber, S.; Plosz, B.; Remberger, M.; Schøyen, M.; Uggerud, H.T.; Vogelsang, C.

2008

Screening of selected hazardous substances in the Eastern Baltic marine environment. IVL Report, B1874

Lilja, K.; Norström, K.; Remberger, M.; Kaj, L.; Egelrud, L.; Junedahl, E.; Brorström-Lundén, E.; Ghebremeskel, M.; Schlabach, M.

2009

Screening of PFAS and Dechlorane compounds in selected Arctic top predators. NILU report

Schlabach, M.; Gabrielsen, G. W.; Herzke, D.; Hanssen, L.; Routti, H.; Borgen, A.

This report summarizes the findings of a screening study into the occurrence of selected perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and dechloranes in Arctic top predators. The emerging PFCs F53 F53B, and PFBS were not detected neither in bird eggs nor in mammals. However, different dechloranes were detected in all samples.

2017

Screening of organic chemicals in commerce for emissions. NILU PP

Breivik, K.; Arnot, J.A.; Brown, T.B.; Wania, F.; McLachlan, M.S.

2010

Screening of healthcare waste incinerators. NILU OR

Bøhler, T.; Naser, T.; Weholt, Ø.

2007

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