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The potential re-design of the current deposition monitoring network in Poland was assessed by hierarchical clustering analysis. This statistical method determines the inherent or natural groupings of datasets, and/or to provide a summarization of data into groups using different metrics to assess the (di)similarity. The metrics are based on the correlation, to assess the temporal similarity, the Euclidean distance, to assess the magnitude similarity, and the combination of both. This method was used to assess the areas with similar deposition patters across the country based on measurement and model data for acidic compounds and heavy metals. The analysis clearly identified stations potentially redundant or measuring unique deposition patters and regions that represent the potential location of a single station.
NILU
2023
2012
High Arctic UV radiation levels in the spring of 2011 caused by unprecedented chemical ozone loss. NILU PP
2012
2015
2012
2021
2012
2013
2025
Non-target screening (NTS) including suspect screening with high resolution mass spectrometry has already shown its feasibility in detecting and identifying emerging contaminants, which subsequently triggered exposure mitigating measures. NTS has a large potential for tasks such as effective evaluation of regulations for safe marketing of substances and products, prioritization of substances for monitoring programmes and assessment of environmental quality. To achieve this, a further development of NTS methodology is required, including: (i) harmonized protocols and quality requirements, (ii) infrastructures for efficient data management, data evaluation and data sharing and (iii) sufficient resources and appropriately trained personnel in the research and regulatory communities in Europe. Recommendations for achieving these three requirements are outlined in the following discussion paper. In particular, in order to facilitate compound identification it is recommended that the relevant information for interpretation of mass spectra, as well as about the compounds usage and production tonnages, should be made accessible to the scientific community (via open-access databases). For many purposes, NTS should be implemented in combination with effect-based methods to focus on toxic chemicals.
Springer
2019
2012
2017
1980
2011
High-Resolution Emissions from Wood Burning in Norway—The Effect of Cabin Emissions
Emissions from wood burning for heating in secondary homes or cabins is an important part in the development of high-resolution emissions in specific areas. Norway is used as case study as 20% of the national wood consumption for heating occurs in cabins. Our study first shows a method to estimate emissions from cabins based on traffic data to derive cabin occupancy, which combined with heating need allows for the spatial and temporal distribution of emissions. The combination of residential (RWC) and cabin wood combustion (CWC) emissions shows large spatial and temporal differences, and a temporally “cabin population” can in areas be orders of magnitude larger than the registered population. While RWC emissions have been steadily reduced, CWC have kept relatively constant or even increased, which results in an increase in the cabin share to total heating emissions up to 25–35%. When comparing with regional emission inventories, our study shows that the gradient between rural and urban areas is not well-represented in regional inventories, which resembles a population-based distribution and does not allocate emissions in cabin municipalities. CWC emissions may become an increasing environmental concern as higher densification trends in mountain areas are observed.
MDPI
2022
2011
High-resolution ground-based GPS measurements show inter-campaign bias in ICESat elevation data. NILU F
2010