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A review committee was established to examine the Phase II ExSIRA Part A project proposal. The committee consisted of 3 experts in the field. Each expert carefully reviewed background material (including Phase I reports) and the Part A project description; based on this work, each expert wrote an individual review. These individual reviews were used to create a consensus review for the committee in which this report is based upon.
The consensus review states that the project description as proposed is feasible and that the project team is competent to perform these investigations. However, one major comment from the committee is the consistent lack of detail regarding the study design and specific methods to be utilized. The committee recommends that this detail be documented at some point before experiments are conducted. The committee also identified a total of 11 specific comments and recommendations throughout the 4 tasks for the project ¿ many of these comments should be addressed before the project is funded.
2010
2006
2012
2023
Human adaptation to climate change is the outcome of long-term decisions continuously made and revised by local communities. Adaptation choices can be represented by economic investment models in which the often large upfront cost of adaptation is offset by the future benefits of avoiding losses due to future natural hazards. In this context, we investigate the role that expectations of future natural hazards have on adaptation in the Colorado River basin of the USA. We apply an innovative approach that quantifies the impacts of changes in concurrent climate extremes, with a focus on flooding events. By including the expectation of future natural hazards in adaptation models, we examine how public policies can focus on this component to support local community adaptation efforts. Findings indicate that considering the concurrent distribution of several variables makes quantification and prediction of extremes easier, more realistic, and consequently improves our capability to model human systems adaptation. Hazard expectation is a leading force in adaptation. Even without assuming increases in exposure, the Colorado River basin is expected to face harsh increases in damage from flooding events unless local communities are able to incorporate climate change and expected increases in extremes in their adaptation planning and decision making.
2022
2003
2003
2025
Abstract Low-cost air quality sensors (LCS) are increasingly used to complement traditional air quality monitoring yet concerns about their accuracy and fitness-for-purpose persist. This scoping review investigates topics, methods, and technologies in the application of LCS networks in recent years that are gaining momentum, focusing on LCS networks (LCSN) operation, drone-based and mobile monitoring, data fusion/assimilation, and community engagement. We identify several key challenges remaining. A major limitation is the absence of unified performance metrics and cross-validation methods to compare different LCSN calibration and imputation techniques and meta-analyses. LCSN still face challenges in effectively sharing and interpreting data due to a lack of common protocols and standardized definitions, which can hinder collaboration and data integration across different systems. In mobile monitoring, LCS siting, orientation, and platform speed are challenges to data consistency of different LCS types and limit the transferability of static calibration models to mobile settings. For drone-based monitoring, rotor downwash, LCS placement, flight pattern, and environmental variability complicate accurate measurements. In integrating LCS data with air quality models or data assimilation, realistic uncertainty quantification, ideally at the individual measurement level, remains a major obstacle. Finally, citizen science initiatives often encounter motivational, technological, economic, societal, and regulatory barriers that hinder their scalability and long-term impact.
2025
Evoluzione della contaminazione da composti organici semivolatili (SVOC) in campioni di neve fresca. NILU F
2004
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2009
2025
2010
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2012
2012