Fant 10464 publikasjoner. Viser side 333 av 419:
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2008
Contribution of fluorescent primary biological aerosol particles to low-level Arctic cloud residuals
Mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) are key players in the Arctic climate system due to their role in modulating solar and terrestrial radiation. Such radiative interactions rely, among other factors, on the ice content of MPCs, which is regulated by the availability of ice-nucleating particles (INPs). While it appears that INPs are associated with the presence of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) in the Arctic, the nuances of the processes and patterns of INPs and their association with clouds and moisture sources have not been resolved. Here, we investigated for a full year the abundance of and variability in fluorescent PBAPs (fPBAPs) within cloud residuals, directly sampled by a multiparameter bioaerosol spectrometer coupled to a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor inlet at the Zeppelin Observatory (475 m a.s.l.) in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. fPBAP concentrations (10−3–10−2 L−1) and contributions to coarse-mode cloud residuals (0.1 to 1 in every 103 particles) were found to be close to those expected for high-temperature INPs. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of PBAPs, most likely bacteria, within one cloud residual sample. Seasonally, our results reveal an elevated presence of fPBAPs within cloud residuals in summer. Parallel water vapor isotope measurements point towards a link between summer clouds and regionally sourced air masses. Low-level MPCs were predominantly observed at the beginning and end of summer, and one explanation for their presence is the existence of high-temperature INPs. In this study, we present direct observational evidence that fPBAPs may play an important role in determining the phase of low-level Arctic clouds. These findings have potential implications for the future description of sources of ice nuclei given ongoing changes in the hydrological and biogeochemical cycles that will influence the PBAP flux in and towards the Arctic
2024
2012
2014
2014
Contribution of agriculture to air quality problems in cities and in rural areas in Europe. ETC/ACM Technical Paper, 2013/10
2013
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2009
2015
Contextual recommendation modeling in eCoaching with machine learning, X-AI, and semantic ontology
Physical activities can be divided into indoor and outdoor activities. While outdoor activities offer enjoyable fitness opportunities, they are often limited by weather conditions. Unfavorable weather conditions such as cold, rain, fog, or snow can significantly reduce physical activity levels, posing risks such as heat stress, dehydration, or cold-related injuries. To address these challenges, we have developed the concept of an automated eCoaching system that provides personalized activity recommendations based on real-time weather data. Our system uses an algorithm to annotate, process, and classify the collected data, generating tailored suggestions for indoor or outdoor exercise. This information is semantically represented using an Ontology framework. We have conducted a comprehensive study by collecting weather data for 18 months from thirteen cities in southern Norway. Furthermore, we have developed rules to determine the appropriate activity types corresponding to different weather conditions. The classification performance of the system has been rigorously evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). Remarkably, the decision tree classifier achieved an accuracy of 99.1%. To increase interpretability, we used local model-independent interpretable explanations (LIME) to explain individual predictions. The consistency of the Ontology model has been verified using inference, providing a reliable semantic representation and efficient rule-based recommendation modeling. In addition, we have developed various test cases of the system to evaluate eCoaching recommendations under different weather scenarios. This approach provides users with accurate and contextually relevant guidance, promoting continuous physical activity regardless of external weather conditions.
2026
Content and migration of chemical additives from plastic products
NILU has, on behalf of the Norwegian Environment Agency, performed chemical analyses of a selection of additives in plastic products. The goal was to identify content and migration of the chemical additives in and from the products to air and surfaces of the products at room temperature. The plastic products covered extension cord, sockets, flooring, wall papers, upholstery, PC-mouse and PCs. Targeted chemicals were organophosphorous flame retardants (OPFRs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs) including TBBPA, and chlorinated substances. TPHP (triphenyl phosphate) was detected in most sample types, but the highest concentrations were found for TBEP (tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate. The highest number of compounds were detected in the PC-mouses and high levels were also found in the surface wipes on PC-mouses. None of the targeted compounds were detected in the air samples.
NILU
2022