Fant 9758 publikasjoner. Viser side 334 av 391:
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen, Copper, HCB, BDE-99, SCCP and PFOS to the Baltic Sea in 2019
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
2021
Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences
2021
2021
2021
Taylor & Francis
2021
2021
2021
Microfibers (MF) are one of the major classes of microplastic found in the marine environment on a global scale. Very little is known about how they move and distribute from point sources such as wastewater effluents into the ocean. We chose Adventfjorden near the settlement of Longyearbyen on the Arctic Svalbard archipelago as a case study to investigate how microfibers emitted with untreated wastewater will distribute in the fjord, both on a spatial and temporal scale. Fiber abundance in the effluent was estimated from wastewater samples taken during two one-week periods in June and September 2017. Large emissions of MFs were detected, similar in scale to a modern WWTP serving 1.3 million people and providing evidence of the importance of untreated wastewater from small settlements as major local sources for MF emissions in the Arctic. Fiber movement and distribution in the fjord mapped using an online-coupled hydrodynamic-drift model (FVCOM-FABM). For parameterizing a wider spectrum of fibers from synthetic to wool, four different density classes of MFs, i.e., buoyant, neutral, sinking, and fast sinking fibers are introduced to the modeling framework. The results clearly show that fiber class has a large impact on the fiber distributions. Light fibers remained in the surface layers and left the fjord quickly with outgoing currents, while heavy fibers mostly sank to the bottom and deposited in the inner parts of the fjord and along the northern shore. A number of accumulation sites were identified within the fjord. The southern shore, in contrast, was much less affected, with low fiber concentrations throughout the modeling period. Fiber distributions were then compared with published pelagic and benthic fauna distributions in different seasons at selected stations around the fjord. The ratios of fibers to organisms showed a very wide range, indicating hot spots of encounter risk for pelagic and benthic biota. This approach, in combination with in-situ ground-truthing, can be instrumental in understanding microplastic pathways and fate in fjord systems and coastal areas and help authorities develop monitoring and mitigation strategies for microfiber and microplastic pollution in their local waters.
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
The report holds a comprehensive literature review on the non-exhaust PM emission from transport. All types of wear particles are considered (brake, tyre, road surface) and all modes (road, rail, aviation), with strong emphasis on road. The report serves as an input to review current emission inventories, summarizing the current emission estimates, the estimation methodologies, uncertainties and future trends, briefly zooming in on the relevance of electric vehicles. The report considers both air quality as well as the relevance of non-exhaust emission as a source of microplastics. To conclude, the report includes a brief overview of technological and policy options to reduce the environmental impact.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Beregning av luftkvalitet ved Bjørnheimveien 26
Prem Partners II A/S has commissioned NILU to evaluate the extent of air quality zones for the present situation concerning a possible new residential building in Bjørnheimveien 26. A Gaussian dispersion model for line sources has been applied (Hiway-2). The road E6 is in this area running over a bridge. If the elevation of E6 and the terrain around Bjørnheimveien is considered, the calculations show a significant reduction in the extend of red and yellow air quality zones at ground level. The effect of shielding existing houses from air pollution by the new building is marginal. The calculations show agreement with the current air quality map for the area when the default assumption of flat terrain is applied.
NILU
2021
2021
2021
2021
2021
2021
2021
2021
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) annual mapping. Evaluation of its potential regular updating.
The report examines the potential regular production of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) maps at the European scale in line with the operational production of other air quality maps. Stations measuring BaP are relatively scarce at the European scale, so in order to extend the spatial coverage, so-called pseudo station data have been calculated and used together with the actual BaP measurement data. These pseudo station data are derived from PM2.5 or PM10 measurements in locations with no BaP observations.
ETC/ATNI
2021