Fant 10057 publikasjoner. Viser side 397 av 403:
Denne rapporten beskriver en studie utført av NILU for Nordre Follo kommune, med støtte fra Folkehelseinstituttet. Målet var å prøve uhildet kartlegging som metode for å undersøke hvilke organisk-kjemiske forbindelser som finnes i nedbørfeltet til drikkevannskilden Gjersjøen. Som del av dette ønsket vi også å identifisere forbindelser som forårsaker feilaktige, store utslag i nitratsensorer. Ved bruk av høyoppløselig massespektrometri og miljøforensiske metoder ble 163 markører identifisert, inkludert aspirin, kreatin og kreatinin, knyttet til kloakkforurensning under kraftig nedbør. Funnene gir innsikt i kjemisk interferens og kan forbedre overvåkingssystemer og vannforvaltning.
NILU
2025
2025
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is a key transboundary air pollutant that contributes to the impacts of nitrogen and acidity on terrestrial ecosystems. Ammonia also contributes to the atmospheric aerosol that affects air quality. Emission inventories indicate that NH3 was predominantly emitted by agriculture over the 19th and 20th centuries but, up to now, these estimates have not been compared to long-term observations. To document past atmospheric NH3 pollution in south-eastern Europe, ammonium (NH) was analysed along an ice core extracted from Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus, Russia. The NH ice-core record indicates a 3.5-fold increase in concentrations between 1750 and 1990 CE. Remaining moderate prior to 1950 CE, the increase then accelerated to reach a maximum in 1989 CE. Comparison between ice-core trends and estimated past emissions using state-of-the-art atmospheric transport modelling of submicron-scale aerosols (FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion) model) indicates good agreement with the course of estimated NH3 emissions from south-eastern Europe since ∼ 1750 CE, with the main contributions from south European Russia, Türkiye, Georgia, and Ukraine. Examination of ice deposited prior to 1850 CE, when agricultural activities remained limited, suggests an NH ice concentration related to natural soil emissions representing ∼ 20 % of the 1980–2009 CE NH level, a level mainly related to current agricultural emissions that almost completely outweigh biogenic emissions from natural soil. These findings on historical NH3 emission trends represent a significant contribution to the understanding of ammonia emissions in Europe over the last 250 years.
2025
Metaller, PCB, PAH og dioksiner i mose i Sør-Varanger. Moseundersøkelser 2008, 2015 og 2020
I 2008 samlet Svanhovd Miljøsenter inn mose ved 11 lokaliteter i grenseområdene mot Russland som NILU analyserte for 11 metaller, PCB, PAH og dioksiner. Formålet var å undersøke om det var andre kilder til forurensning i grenseområdene enn gruvedrift og smelteverksindustri. Prøvetaking og analyse ble gjentatt av NILU i 2015 og 2020, men kun for 60 (2015) og 56 (2020) metaller. For spormetallene Ni, Cu, Co og As er det et klart mønster med forhøyede konsentrasjoner nedstrøms Nikel og Zapolyarnyj. Organiske miljøgifter viser lave konsentrasjoner.
NILU
2025
Climatic feedbacks and ecosystem impacts related to dust in the Arctic include direct radiative forcing (absorption and scattering), indirect radiative forcing (via clouds and cryosphere), semi-direct effects of dust on meteorological parameters, effects on atmospheric chemistry, as well as impacts on terrestrial, marine, freshwater, and cryospheric ecosystems. This review discusses our recent understanding on dust emissions and their long-range transport routes, deposition, and ecosystem effects in the Arctic. Furthermore, it demonstrates feedback mechanisms and interactions between climate change, atmospheric dust, and Arctic ecosystems.
2025
2025
Seminar focused on health inequality arranged by the project Healthy Choices and the Social gradient.
2025
2025
More than 70 years of industrial production of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have resulted in their ubiquitous presence in the environment on a global scale, although differences in sources, transport and fate lead to variability of occurrence in the environment. Gull eggs are excellent bioindicators of environmental pollution, especially for persistent organic pollutants such as PFAS, known to bioaccumulate in organisms and to be deposited in bird eggs by maternal transfer. Using yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) eggs, we investigated the occurrence of more than 30 PFAS, including the most common chemicals (i.e., legacy PFAS) as well as their alternatives (i.e., emerging PFAS) in the Bay of Marseille, the second largest city in France. Compared to eggs from other colonies along the Mediterranean coast, those from Marseille had PFAS concentrations ranging from slightly higher to up to four times lower, suggesting that this area cannot be specifically identified as a hotspot for these compounds. We also found several emerging PFAS including 8:2 and 10:2 FTS, 7:3 FTCA or PFECHS in all collected eggs. Although the scarcity in toxicity thresholds for seabirds, especially during embryogenesis, does not enable any precise statement about the risks faced by this population, this study contributes to the effort in documenting legacy PFAS contamination on Mediterranean coasts while providing valuable novel inputs on PFAS of emerging concern. Identifying exposure in free-ranging species also participate to determine the main target for toxicity testing in wildlife.
2025
2025
This study builds upon the findings of a FAIRMODE intercomparison exercise conducted in a district of Antwerp, Belgium, where a comprehensive dataset of air pollutant measurements (air quality stations and passive samplers) was available. Long-term average NO2 concentrations at very high spatial resolution were estimated by several dispersion modelling systems (Martín et al., 2024) to investigate the ability of these to capture the detailed spatial distribution of NO2 concentrations at the microscale in urban environments. In this follow-up research, we extend the analysis by evaluating the capability of these modelling systems to predict the NO2 annual limit value exceedance areas (LVEAs) and spatial representativeness areas (SRAs) for NO₂ at two reference air quality stations. The different modelling approaches used are based on CFD, Lagrangian, Gaussian, and AI-driven models.
The different modelling approaches are generally good at predicting the LVEA and SRAs of urban air quality stations, although a small SRA (corresponding to low concentration tolerances or the traffic station) is more difficult to predict correctly. However, there are notable differences in performance among the modelling systems. Those based on CFD models seem to provide more consistent results predicting LVEAs and SRAs. Then, lower accuracy is obtained with AI-based systems, Lagrangian models, and Gaussian models with street canyon parameterizations. The Gaussian models with street-canyon parametrizations show significantly better results than models using simply a Gaussian dispersion parametrization.
Furthermore, little differences are observed in most of the statistical indicators corresponding to the LVEA and SRA estimates obtained from the unsteady full month CFD simulations compared to those from the scenario-based CFD simulation methodologies, but there are some noticeable differences in the LVEA or SRA (traffic station, 10 % tolerance) sizes. The number of scenarios does not seem to be relevant to the results. Different bias correction methodologies are explored.
2025
Tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Bærum 2025-2030
Stiftelsen NILU har, i samarbeid med Transportanalyse AS, utarbeidet trafikk- og luftkvalitetsberegninger for Oslo og Bærum kommuner. Arbeidet omfatter en kartlegging av luftkvaliteten ved trafikkberegninger og utslipps- og spredningsberegninger for relevante forurensningskomponenter (PM10, PM2,5 og NO2) for Dagens situasjon 2022, Referansesituasjonen 2030 og for 2030 med tiltak. Det er beregnet risiko for overskridelse av dagens grenseverdier i forurensningsforskriften og for grenseverdier i revidert EU-direktiv som vil innføres fullt fra 2030.
NILU
2025
2025
Remote marine areas of the Arctic have become a sink for pollutants like Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), transported long distances from southern latitudes. This presence of contaminants is creating pressure on Arctic organisms. As such, Svalbard´s wildlife has been monitored for decades to follow temporal trends of pollutants, in addition to better understanding the effects of pollutants on Arctic wildlife.
Seabirds are a key group of Arctic animals that are particularly sensitive to the pollutants’ toxicity via effects on behavior, demography and long-term population viability. Understanding how pollutants affect population viability is essential to protect Arctic wildlife but has been an understudied topic in marine ecology.
Two populations of female common eider (Somateria mollissima) have been monitored in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) and Grindøya (Troms) since 2007 and 1984, respectively. Concentrations of POPs have been analyzed in eiders blood samples, between 2007 and 2009 for Kongsfjorden and from 2005 to 2009 for Grindøya. Previous studies found higher concentrations of HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) for common eiders breeding in Kongsfjorden, while it is the concentrations of PCB (polychlorinated bipheyls) that are the highest for the common eiders breeding in Grindøya. Additionally, the adult survival is higher Kongsfjorden compared to Grindøya common eiders. However, the interaction between those different concentrations of POPs and the adult survival of those two populations have not been studied yet.
Here, we will investigate whether POPs may affect adult survival of female common eiders breeding both in Kongsfjorden and Grindøya. If the POP levels are sufficiently high to induce health effects, we predict that higher concentrations of POPs will negatively affect adult survival.
2025
Abstract. Airborne microplastics are a recently identified atmospheric aerosol species with potential air quality and climate impacts, yet they are not currently represented in global climate models. Here, we describe the addition of microplastics to the aerosol scheme of the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1.1): the Global Model of Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP). Microplastics are included as both fragments and fibres across a range of aerosol size modes, enabling interaction with existing aerosol processes such as ageing and wet and dry deposition. Simulated microplastics have higher concentrations over land, but can be transported into remote regions including Antarctica despite no assumed emissions from these regions. Lifetimes range between ∼17 d to ∼1 h, with smaller, hydrophilic microplastics having longer lifetimes. Microplastics are present throughout the troposphere, and the smallest particles are simulated to reach the lower stratosphere in small numbers. Dry deposition is the dominant microplastic removal pathway, but greater wet deposition occurs for smaller hydrophilic microplastic, due to interactions with clouds. Although microplastics currently contribute a minor fraction of the total aerosol burden, their concentration is expected to increase in future if plastic production continues to increase, and as existing plastic waste in the environment degrades to form new microplastic. Incorporating microplastics into UKESM1.1 is a key step toward quantifying their current atmospheric impact and offers a framework for simulating future emission scenarios for an assessment of their long term impacts on air quality and climate.
2025
2025
Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in the terrestrial and aquatic environment at remote Arctic sites
Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are widely used chemicals with high emissions to the atmosphere due to their volatility. They are found in the Arctic atmosphere, indicating potential for long-range transport. This study examined the potential for deposition of cVMS (D4, D5, D6) to surface media via snow in Arctic regions. Results showed low cVMS levels in vegetation, soil, sediment, and marine biota. D4 was detected above detection limits but generally below quantification limits, while D5 and D6 were generally not detected. This aligns with current research, suggesting negligible cVMS input from atmospheric deposition via snow and snow melt.
NILU
2025
2025