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Circulating MicroRNAs in Cord Blood to Predict Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis
Background
There are large knowledge gaps in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and although it is a prevalent and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, diagnosis can be challenging. We aimed to assess the association of circulating blood plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) at birth with ADHD for use as biomarker candidates and build an miRNA-based prediction model.
Methods
Our study population consisted of 206 children with ADHD (33.0% female), 207 control children (33.8% female), and their parents from the MoBa (Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study). Expression levels of 51 selected miRNAs in plasma from children’s cord blood at birth and from both parents during early pregnancy were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and tested for association with children’s ADHD diagnosis and ADHD symptom scores based on ratings by parents.
Results
Seven miRNAs were differentially expressed at birth in children with ADHD and control children (false discovery rate < .05), and 31 had a statistically significant linear relationship with parent-rated ADHD symptom score at 8 years. A 19-miRNA ADHD prediction model achieved good discrimination in the test population (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.959, accuracy = 0.893). Functional analysis for the 19-miRNA prediction set revealed involvement in several highly relevant pathways, e.g., dopaminergic synapse, circadian rhythm, and axon guidance. We also found that parental miRNA expression levels significantly associated with children’s ADHD diagnoses and/or ADHD symptoms scores.
Conclusions
We showed that expression levels of circulating miRNAs at birth may be used to predict increased risk of ADHD diagnosis, and our 19-miRNA set should be included in future efforts to develop a biomarker panel.
2025
2026
2026
A Global Compendium of Nature-based Solutions in Small-Medium Islands
Small and medium-sized islands (SMI) combine high ecological value with limited resources and vulnerability to climatic and environmental risks. Nature-based solutions (NbS) can contribute to addressing some of these challenges, but studies on the uptake and effectiveness of NbS in SMI remain scattered, with few systematic syntheses. Here, we introduce the SMI-NbS compendium, a comprehensive and open-access dataset compiling 280 NbS case studies implemented across SMI worldwide, developed through a systematic review of published and grey literature. Each SMI-NbS case study includes information on the location, NbS category, ecosystem types, societal challenges addressed, associated co-benefits, and links to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SMI-NbS compendium provides practical information on NbS implementation and identifies current research trends and gaps, such as the dominance of ecological and climate-focused NbS, with limited integration of other socio-economic challenges, thereby supporting further research and enabling knowledge exchange across the science-policy-practice interface to inform sustainable development pathways in SMI.
2026
Scaling number concentration measurements from bioaerosol monitors using Hirst-type samplers
The instruments used for routine pollen monitoring are gradually changing from traditional impactors with manual data processing to automated pollen monitors using deterministic and/or machine-learning algorithms for data analysis. This manuscript compares pollen number concentration of Alnus sp., Betula sp., Corylus sp., and Poaceae measured by Hirst-type bioaerosol samplers and the SwisensPoleno automated bioaerosol monitor in Switzerland and Norway. Due to physical particle losses and the classification rate of the algorithms being well below unity, scaling factors had to be applied to the measurements of the SwisensPoleno to match those of the Hirst impactor. These scaling factors depended on the geographic location, i.e. differed significantly between Switzerland and Norway. The importance of adjusting the scaling factors according to the location of the monitoring network and the need for reporting the numerical values of these scaling factors in future scientific publications is emphasized.
2026
Fluoropolymers are widely used across sectors, but their production is associated with emissions of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which are mobile, persistent, and toxic. In this work, we compiled a global inventory of fluoropolymer production plants (FPPs) and assembled PFAS concentration measurements for various media in their vicinity. We identified 52 currently operating FPPs across 11 countries and 41 cities. For 12 FPPs, in 12 different cities, there are peer-reviewed site-specific PFAS measurements specifically attributed to the FPP. At these 12 sites, at least 236 individual PFASs have been detected across multiple environmental media, including surface water, groundwater, air, dust, soils, sediments, plants, animals, and humans, with reported detections at distances of up to approximately 150 km from FPPs. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) were most frequently measured, often at concentrations two to three orders of magnitude higher than those measured in regions without nearby FPPs. Using high-resolution population data, we estimate that approximately 14 ± 2 million people (uncertainty reflecting ± 10 km uncertainty in facility locations) live within 10 km of an FPP. These people are potentially affected by FPP-associated contamination, with the largest population shares in China (≈52%), Japan (≈24%), Europe (≈13%), and the United States (≈9%). These regional proportions largely mirror differences in population density and the number of identified production facilities. This inventory reveals the large and complex global scale of PFAS contamination from fluoropolymer production, underscoring the need for expanded systematic monitoring and risk management efforts, including regulation.
2026
2026
Exposures in Indoor Air Affecting Health
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is influenced by a wide range of chemical, biological and physical agents that can negatively impact physical, immunological and mental health. Adverse health effects depend on the type and concentration of pollutants, duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility. The availability of data on IAQ is limited, as are standardized approaches for evaluating its health impact. This expert review aims to describe the most important indoor air determinants affecting health, and present the IDEAL cluster, which comprises seven EU‐funded scientific projects on the topic of IAQ and human health. Across the IDEAL projects, knowledge is generated on exposure to a wide range of indoor air pollutants, including well‐known hazards and more explorative chemical and microbiological determinants. The projects will also contribute to the implementation of low‐cost and/or real‐time sensors on IAQ, as well as advanced chemical and microbiological analyses, and evaluate various interventions to improve IAQ. Several of them focus on particularly vulnerable groups. Raising public awareness and implementing measures to reduce pollutant levels are essential for safeguarding health, particularly in urban areas with elevated pollution levels.
2026
Suspect screening helps detect chemicals in environmental samples without predefined target lists which can facilitate isolation of a larger number of substances. This study shows however that no single extraction method or analytical platform (LC-HRMS or GC-HRMS) can capture all relevant pollutants—at least half are missed. The technique works best for chemically similar families, where optimized methods can target specific classes or broader families of similar substances (e.g. PFAS). Effective grouping of similar substances is therefore essential. A broad coverage of substances can however be achieved if multiple sample extractions are performed and each extract is analysed on both LC- and GC-HRMS. Strategies where comparisons can be made over time or across locations will also help to isolate pollutant-related signals from the background. Such considerations must be integrated into programme design and budgeting for retrospective analysis. This will maximize likelihood of detection for the largest diversity of substances.
Norwegian Environment Agency, M-3038|2025
NILU
2026
2026
Franzefoss Husøya Kristiansund. Målinger av ammoniakk NH3 og flyktige organiske forbindelser VOC
NILU
2026
2026
Marine Carbon Removal Gains Momentum But Can It Scale Responsibly?
As mCDR gains global traction, we discuss the current state of this sector with leading mCDR representatives.
2026
2026
Årsrapport 2025. Nasjonalt referanselaboratorium for luftkvalitetsmålinger
Denne rapporten oppsummerer oppgavene til Nasjonalt referanselaboratorium for luftkvalitetsmålinger (NRL), delkontrakt 1b, for året 2025.
NILU
2026
Tracing the air–sea exchange of microplastics over the Caspian Sea
The global proliferation of microplastics (MPs) is increasingly recognized as a transboundary environmental issue. At the air–ocean interface, MPs can be emitted via sea spray and transported back to land, while terrestrial MPs can likewise be advected and deposited over the oceans. However, the long-term net exchange of MPs between land and ocean via the atmosphere remains poorly constrained. Here, we investigate coastal atmospheric MPs and their near-surface landward and seaward transport over the southern Caspian Sea. Using a combination of passive air sampling (at seven heights with MWAC collectors) and active sampling (vacuum pump) over periods of 3 days and 2 months, respectively, together with coastal surface sediment samples, we quantified MP concentrations and assessed the influence of meteorological and environmental factors on their distribution. Fibrous MPs dominated all compartments, with airborne concentrations averaging 3.85 MP m−3 and sediment concentrations ranging from 507 to 1476 MP kg−1 (dry weight). Estimated near-surface horizontal fluxes were comparable in magnitude, with a landward influx of ~6566 MP m−2 h−1 and a seaward outflux of ~8039 MP m−2 h−1, indicating broadly balanced coastal transport during the 72 h campaign. To support source attribution, we evaluated co-trapped particulate proxies (sea salt and ash) and combined them with FLEXPART modelling. Trajectory modelling and proxy evidence indicate that most airborne MPs originated from inland sources (e.g., road dust and textile-related fibres), while marine sea-spray contributions were minor during the sampling period. These findings highlight the importance of long-range atmospheric transport in coastal MP pollution and demonstrate how integrating proxy observations with dispersion modelling can help constrain likely source regimes.
2026