Fant 10084 publikasjoner. Viser side 58 av 404:
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Biomass burning emission analysis based on MODIS
We assessed the biomass burning (BB) smoke aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulations of 11 global models that participated in the AeroCom phase III BB emission experiment. By comparing multi-model simulations and satellite observations in the vicinity of fires over 13 regions globally, we (1) assess model-simulated BB AOD performance as an indication of smoke source–strength, (2) identify regions where the common emission dataset used by the models might underestimate or overestimate smoke sources, and (3) assess model diversity and identify underlying causes as much as possible. Using satellite-derived AOD snapshots to constrain source strength works best where BB smoke from active sources dominates background non-BB aerosol, such as in boreal forest regions and over South America and southern hemispheric Africa. The comparison is inconclusive where the total AOD is low, as in many agricultural burning areas, and where the background is high, such as parts of India and China. Many inter-model BB AOD differences can be traced to differences in values for the mass ratio of organic aerosol to organic carbon, the BB aerosol mass extinction efficiency, and the aerosol loss rate from each model. The results point to a need for increased numbers of available BB cases for study in some regions and especially to a need for more extensive regional-to-global-scale measurements of aerosol loss rates and of detailed particle microphysical and optical properties; this would both better constrain models and help distinguish BB from other aerosol types in satellite retrievals. More generally, there is the need for additional efforts at constraining aerosol source strength and other model attributes with multi-platform observations.
2025
Biomass burning emission estimation in the MODIS era: State-of-the-art and future directions
Accurate estimates of biomass burning (BB) emissions are of great importance worldwide due to the impacts of these emissions on human health, ecosystems, air quality, and climate. Atmospheric modeling efforts to represent these impacts require BB emissions as a key input. This paper is presented by the Biomass Burning Uncertainty: Reactions, Emissions and Dynamics (BBURNED) activity of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project and largely based on a workshop held in November 2023. The paper reviews 9 of the BB emissions datasets widely used by the atmospheric chemistry community, all of which rely heavily on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations of fires scheduled to be discontinued at the end of 2025. In this time of transition away from MODIS to new fire observations, such as those from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite instruments, we summarize the contemporary status of BB emissions estimation and provide recommendations on future developments. Development of global BB emissions datasets depends on vegetation datasets, emission factors, and assumptions of fire persistence and phase, all of which are highly uncertain with high degrees of variability and complexity and are continually evolving areas of research. As a result, BB emissions datasets can have differences on the order of factor 2–3, and no single dataset stands out as the best for all regions, species, and times. We summarize the methodologies and differences between BB emissions datasets. The workshop identified 5 key recommendations for future research directions for estimating BB emissions and quantifying the associated uncertainties: development and uptake of satellite burned area products from VIIRS and other instruments; mapping of fine scale heterogeneity in fuel type and condition; identification of spurious signal detections and information gaps in satellite fire radiative power products; regional modeling studies and comparison against existing datasets; and representation of the diurnal cycle and plume rise in BB emissions.
2025
2013
2008
Biomethanol as a Marine Fuel Within Land Use Sustainability Boundaries
Global shipping is an essential, energy-efficient enabler of trade, yet it remains a hard-to-abate sector. With shipping demand projected to continue to rise in the coming decades, identifying scalable and sustainable fuel alternatives is critical. Biofuels, and particularly biomethanol, offer a promising option due to their compatibility with existing infrastructure. However, their sustainability critically hinges on land use impacts. From this Perspective, we argue that biomethanol derived from a dedicated crop could contribute to maritime decarbonisation, with ~71–77% well-to-wake greenhouse gases (GHG) reductions under cropland-only constraints. We further point to the fact that a wider adoption faces challenges such as higher costs, limited availability, and lower energy density relative to fossil fuels. Continued research and monitoring are essential to ensure that biofuel production does not inadvertently contribute to deforestation or biodiversity loss. We underscore the need for spatially sensitive biofuel deployment strategies that align maritime decarbonisation with land-system sustainability and climate objectives.
2025
2015
Biotic and abiotic transformation pathways of synthetic musks in the aquatic environment. Handbook of environmental chemistry, Vol. 3X, Anthropogenic compounds
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