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Establishment of an early warning system (EWS) for the identification of new and existing potentially hazardous substances is a key component of PARC. An EWS includes early warning monitoring toolboxes to identify chemical hazards in a broad range of biotic and abiotic matrices and products with a special focus on aqueous environment that may be associated with an unacceptable health risk. Effect-based monitoring (EBM) and effect-directed analysis (EDA) are identified as key toolboxes for prioritizing chemical hazards in various matrices including water, soil, sediment, sludge, air, dust, aquatic and terrestrial biota, human samples, products like food contact materials, and food. This report gives an overview of i) sampling strategies, ii) sample preparation methods for bioassays and chemical analysis, iii) EBM using bioassays, iv) chemical analytical methods including target, suspect and nontarget screening, v) EDA and iceberg modelling, and vi) future perspectives and needs for an EWS.
Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC)
2023
Satellite remote sensing of Arctic fires - a literature and data review
The main aim of this report is to prepare for the proposed SGA #17 of the Caroline Herschel Framework Partnership Agreement on Copernicus User Uptake Work Programme 2020 named “Arctic peat- and forest-fire information system”. First, we summarize the scientific background of wildfires in the Arctic and the Northern boreal zone and describe observations of long-range transport of forest fire pollution. This is followed by an overview of satellite data and resources available for fire monitoring in these regions. This covers the fire ECVs, as well as smoke plume tracers. Furthermore, we list CAMS and CEMS resources, i.e., GWIS, EFFIS (including the latest country report for Norway), and GFAS, as well as other fire emission inventories. Knowledge gaps and limitations of satellite remote sen.sing, future missions, Norwegian user uptake and user groups are described.
NILU
2023
Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation. Annual Report 2022.
This report summarizes the results from the Norwegian monitoring programme on stratospheric ozone and UV radiation measurements. The ozone layer has been measured at three locations since 1979: In Oslo/Kjeller, Tromsø/Andøya and Ny-Ålesund. The UV-measurements started in 1995. The results show that there was a significant decrease in stratospheric ozone above Norway between 1979 and 1997. After that, the ozone layer stabilized at a level ~2% below pre-1980 level. The year 2022 was characterized by annual average total ozone values slightly below “normal”.
NILU
2023
Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
2023
2023
Monitoring of long-range transported air pollutants in Norway. Annual Report 2022.
This report presents results from the monitoring of atmospheric composition and deposition of air pollution in 2022, and focuses on main components in air and precipitation, particulate and gaseous phase of inorganic constituents, particulate carbonaceous matter, ground level ozone and particulate matter. The level of pollution in 2022 was generally low though a few high episodes occurred, i.e., one in March with elevated aerosol concentrations and one during July, with high ozone levels.
NILU
2023