Fant 2268 publikasjoner. Viser side 18 av 227:
The EmSite model for high resolution emissions from machinery in construction sites
The report describes the EmSite model developed to estimate exhaust and non-exhaust emissions from non-road mobile
machinery (NRMM) used in building and construction. The model is based on a complete national database of the exact
location of construction and building activity, machine registries and variables that affect emissions (ground conditions, meteorology, type of ground material). EmSite model allows us to determine, i) the location, area and time of construction projects at fine resolution; ii) energy demand for NRMM; and iii) fuel consumption, air pollutants and GHGs emissions. For exhaust emissions, specific dynamic emission factors for NRMMs were developed. For non-exhaust emissions, an approach based on the Tier 1 (EMEP/EEA Guidebook, 2019) was chosen. EmSite allows for bottom-up estimates for NRMM employed in construction, and the results are comparable with official air pollutant and GHGs emissions.
NILU
2022
NILU and Hydro Aluminium performed a test campaign for measurements of CF4 and C2F6 for stack emissions at Husnes
Aluminium Smelter. Time-integrated samples were taken with evacuated canisters combined with low-flow restrictors for
continuous sampling periods as long as 6 weeks. The samples were analyzed at NILU with a Medusa preconcentration
method combined with GC-MS SIM. As a main conclusion, time integrated sampling together with Medusa GC-MS
methodology is a very precise alternative to the traditional attempts to quantify PFC-emission.
NILU
2022
Rapporten gir en oversikt over Norges luftkvalitetsmålenettverk. Alle målestasjoner som rapporterer måledata til EEA/ESA er beskrevet og plasseringen er vurdert i forhold til krav i EUs direktiver.
Omgivelsene til stasjonene er beskrevet og viktige kilder til utslipp er identifisert. Plasseringen av målestasjonene er dokumentert med kart og flybilde og retningsvisende fotografier av området.
Avvik fra plasseringskriteriene er dokumentert. Anbefalinger for justeringer er gitt for enkelte stasjoner.
NILU
2022
Environmental contaminants in freshwater food webs, 2021
This report presents monitoring data from freshwater food webs and abiotic samples from Lake Mjøsa and Femunden within the
Milfersk programme. Studies and monitoring of legacy and emerging contaminants have been carried out through this programme
for several years, focusing on the pelagic food web. This is the first report in the monitoring program focusing on a benthic food
chain (Chironomids, ruffe, roach and perch) in addition to inputs to Lake Mjøsa by analysis of lake sediments, surface waters,
stormwater, effluent and sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The analytical programme includes the determination
of a total of ̴ 260 single components.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2022
Utslipp og spredning av Radon-220 fra Oncoinvent, Nydalen. Underlag for utslippssøknad.
NILU har studert og vurdert utslipp til luft av radon-220 fra Oncoinvent AS i Nydalen i Oslo. Studien danner underlag for utslippssøknad. Årlig omsøkt utslipp er 70 GBq. Det største bidraget til dose/eksponering kommer fra thorondøtrene, ikke fra thoron selv. Lokale spredningsberegninger med CONCX viser at ved sterk østlig vind kan røykfanen slå ned på takterrassen på bygget hvor Oncoinvent AS har sine produksjonslokaler. Beregnet årlig dose/eksponering fra utslipp fra Oncoinvent for en person som oppholder seg 520 timer årlig på terrassen er 0,7 µSv. Beregninger med FLEXPART-wrf for et 38×20 km2 modellområde viser størst aktivitetskonsentrasjon mot nordøst og mot sørvest, det vil si nedstrøms i fremherskende vindretning. Største dose beregnes ved utslippspunktet (1 nSv time-1) og ved takterrassen.
NILU
2022
The Screening Programme 2021 was carried out by the Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) and NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research. The spotlight was placed on the occurrence and possible environmental problems of 218 chemicals. The selected substances may be included in numerous products and their usage patterns are not easily defined so an array of different locations and sample-types were investigated. The total number of results exceeds 26 000. Results are can be downloaded from the database Vannmiljø.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2022
This report aims to support the on-going revision of the Ambient Air Quality Directives by providing a series of recommendations on the reciprocal exchange of information and reporting of ambient air quality (e-reporting) following the Commission Implementing Decision (2011/850/EU). It builds on the experience and understanding from the EEA and technical experts at its European Topic Centre for Human Health and the Environment (ETC HE) working with implementing provisions for reporting (IPR) and identifies areas for further efficiency gains in e-reporting, in particular concerning the H-K dataflows.
ETC/HE
2022
Monitoring of long-range transported air pollutants in Norway. Annual Report 2021.
This report presents results from the monitoring of atmospheric composition and deposition of air pollution in 2021, and focuses on main components in air and precipitation, particulate and gaseous phase of inorganic constituents, particulate carbonaceous matter, ground level ozone and particulate matter. The level of pollution in 2021 was generally low with few high episodes.
NILU
2022
Condensable primary organic aerosol (CPOA) emissions are a class of organic compounds that are vapour phase at stack conditions, but which can undergo both condensation and evaporation processes as the stack air is cooled and diluted upon discharge into ambient air. Emission factors may misrepresent, and even miss, the amount of particulate matter (PM) or gas that actually enters the atmosphere, depending on the emission measurement techniques used. In the current emission reporting to EMEP/CLRTAP there is no clear definition of whether condensable organics are included or not, and, if included, to what extent.
In this study, new residential combustion emission estimates have been made for the years 2005-2019 (called TNO Ref2_v2.1) in a consistent manner, with improved estimation of fuel consumption (in particular wood) and emission factors, as well as an updated split of fuel use over different appliances and technologies. For these two elements, data were taken primarily from the Eurostat fuel statistics and the IIASA GAINS model. Three scenarios have been defined: a “typical” case, which is our best estimate, an alternative “ideal” case which excludes the impact of “bad combustion”, and a “high EF” scenario in which higher emission factors are assumed than in the typical scenario. Total emissions in the typical scenario are around 40% higher than in the ideal case (in 2019), whereas resulting emissions in the “high EF” scenario are around 90% higher than in the typical scenario.
The Ref2_v2.1 inventory was used in a series of modelling studies which aimed to assess the importance of condensable organics for current air quality, for trends over time (2010–2019), and for source-receptor calculations.
Including condensables in a consistent way for all countries gave model results (concentrations, trends and bias) in better agreement with observations for OC and PM2.5 than when using the EMEP emissions which have condensables for some countries but not others. However, the model results were sensitive to the choice of Ref2_v2.1 scenario, and also to the assumptions concerning volatility of the CPOA emissions, and assumptions about extra intermediate-volatility volatile organic compounds (IVOC) associated with such emissions.
No single setup performed best for each site. There are many factors that can contribute to such mixed results (activity data, emissions factors, assumed combustion conditions, large and small scale spatial distributions issues in emissions, dispersion and CPOA/IVOC assumptions in the modelling), and much further work (and with other observational data-sets) will be needed to disentangle the reasons for model-measurement discrepancies, and to draw conclusions on how realistic the new emissions are.
Assumptions about volatility seem to be important for both the country-to-itself contribution, and for impacts of each country on others. In the few cases investigated so far, assuming inert CPOA provides results which generally lie within the range of the more complex VBS scenarios. Given the many uncertainties associated with the emissions and the modelling of POA and SOA, these results indicates that the inert CPOA assumptions provide a reasonable first approach for handling POA emissions, which can hopefully be improved once our understanding of the sources and processing of these compounds improves.
The new emission data-base, combined with increasing availability of measurements of organic and other components, should provide the best available basis for future improvements in both the emission inventories and model formulations. Much analysis and further tests remain, both with the other model setups, and ideally with alternative secondary organic aerosol schemes to get a better idea of the sensitivity of the results to the various assumptions concerning both emissions and atmospheric processing of POA.
Nordic Council of Ministers
2022