Fant 2253 publikasjoner. Viser side 39 av 226:
The aim of this pilot-study was to use silicone rubber-based passive samplers to measure novel brominated flame retardants (nBFRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dechlorane plus (DP) in seawater and air around Longyearbyen as well as investigate the presence of those compounds in sediment and biota (amphipods, Gammarus spp.) nearby Longyearbyen. Passive samplers require no electricity and provide an integrated picture of the levels of the targeted compounds over time. The results were combined with the sampled sediment and Gammarus spp. to assess concentrations in the environment. Out of all substances under study, PBDE-47 and -99, α- and β- tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH), syn- and anti-DP were detected in all investigated matrices. Freely dissolved water concentrations of ΣDPs (3 pg/L) were in line with recent Arctic studies, while ΣPBDEs (3 pg/L) were comparable to urban rivers in southern Norway. Nevertheless, for some compounds, especially the lighter and most volatile ones, long-range transport is most likely a more important contribution to observed levels than local sources. For other compounds, e.g. PBDEs, local sources might still play a role for the load of contaminants into the surrounding environment. The present study is the first to report a suit of nBFRs and DPs in Arctic benthic fauna. Many of the nBFRs and DPs were detected in sediment and in the amphipods. We recommend further studies with respect to measurements of concentrations over time, and in other species as well, to better understand whether the nBFRs and DPs are common in the marine environment on Svalbard. We recommend that local sources of flame retardants in remote areas receive more attention in the future.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2018
Air quality in 7 Norwegian municipalities in 2015. Summary report for NBV results.
This report documents the methodology used to compile air quality information for the year 2015 in seven Norwegian municipality areas under the first phase of development of the Norwegian Air Quality Planning Tool, also called “Nasjonalt Beregningsverktøy” or NBV. It follows a similar structure to and complements the final report entitled “Air quality in 7 Norwegian municipalities in 2015 – Summary report for NBV results” (NILU rapport 21/2017) where information on air quality in the seven main city areas in Norway was presented.
This report constitutes a user guide for the NBV-services, available at http://www.luftkalitet-nbv.no, in municipal areas. It provides recommendations on how to best use each product for air quality planning purposes and explains the main strengths and limitations of the results. The NBV air quality data for municipalities is subject to larger uncertainties than the data available for the main Norwegian city areas and this has to be taken into consideration when analyzing the results.
NILU
2018
Model development for high-resolution emissions from residential wood combustion
In this report, we describe the MetVed model developed to estimate emissions from residential wood combustion (RWC) at high spatial-temporal resolution. The model uses a downscaling method approach, which builds on bottom-up principles and derive a wood burning potential for each grid based on the housing type, size and heating technology, energy demand and outdoor temperature of each grid. The model builds on the combination of several databases with information at high level of detail. The databases contain geo-localised information about dwelling number and type, energy consumption statistics, fireplace and stove locations, and the available technology for residential heating. The datasets are combined and the dependencies between the different variables are analysed. MetVed includes the time variation for RWC based on the heating degree concept combined with time-variation from consumer statistics, and the vertical distribution based on the RWC shared in apartment buildings versus houses. The results from the MetVed-model have shown to improve the accuracy of dispersion modelling results when compared with predictions based on previous emission inventories.
NILU
2018
Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation: Annual report 2017.
This report summarizes the results from the Norwegian monitoring programme on stratospheric ozone and UV radiation measurements. The ozone layer has been measured at three locations since 1979: in Oslo, Tromsø/Andøya and Ny-Ålesund. The UV measurements started in 1995. The results show that there was a significant decrease in stratospheric ozone above Norway between 1979 and 1997. After that the ozone layer stabilized at a level ~2% below pre-1980 level. There are large inter-annual variations and in 2017 there were relatively low values at all the three Norwegian stations during the winter. However, the ozone situation normalized towards the end of spring.
NILU
2018
Screening Programme 2017 – AMAP Assessment Compounds
This report summarizes the findings of a screening study on the occurrence of emerging substances selected by AMAP and other related substances measured earlier. The study includes selected solvents, siloxanes, flame retardants, UV compounds, pesticides, bisphenols and other PBT compounds in effluent, ambient air, biota, and marine plastic.
NILU
2018
NILU og Urbanet Analyse har på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet utviklet modellen NERVE («Norwegian Emissions from Road
Vehicle Exhaust») for klimagassutslipp fra veitrafikken i norske kommuner. NERVE beregner klimagassutslipp fra
veitrafikken totalt innenfor hver kommune geografisk og for kommunens innbyggere, både som totalt utslipp og som en
utslippsfaktor (g/km). NERVE en en «bottom-up» modell som bygger på fire detaljerte datasett; 1) Veinettet ved alle
offentlige veier fra Nasjonal vegdatabank (NVDB), 2) trafikk på vei fra Regional Transport Model (RTM), 3)
kjørelengdestatistikken for norskregistrerte kjøretøy fra Statistisk Sentralbyrå Norge (SSB) og 4) utslippsfaktorer fra HBEFA(Hand Book of Emission FActors for Road Transport.
NILU
2018
Spesifikasjoner for sensorsystemer til måling av luftkvalitet. Anbefalinger ved anskaffelse.
Denne rapporten forklarer tekniske begrep knyttet til måleytelse, samt gir anbefalinger og krav i forbindelse med utarbeidelse av anbud. Rapporten går gjennom eksisterende instrumentering til luftkvalitetsmåling i Norge og gjeldende lovgivning rundt temaet. Den nevner mulige applikasjoner for ny sensorteknologi. En oversikt over metrologiske begrep sammen med forklaringer gir leseren grunnleggende kunnskap for å kunne tolke instrumentspesifikasjoner. Rapporten identifiserer noen viktige parametere knyttet til kvaliteten på sensorsystemer.
NILU
2018
Spredningsberegning og bestemmelse av skorsteinshøyde
Tillatelser etter forurensningsloven og forurensningsforskriften kapittel 27 om forbrenning av rene
brensler stiller krav om bruk av spredningsberegninger for bestemmelse av bakkekonsentrasjoner og
skorsteinshøyder.
Denne veilederen gir informasjon om regelverk om luftforurensning og forklarer hvordan
spredningsberegninger skal utføres for å bestemme nødvendig skorsteinshøyde.
Veilederen er tiltenkt brukere av spredningsmodeller i konsulentbransjen, myndigheter, anleggseiere
og interessegrupper.
Miljødirektoratet
2018