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Very Strong Atmospheric Methane Growth in the 4 Years 2014-2017: Implications for the Paris Agreement

Nisbet, E. G.; Manning, M. R.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Fisher, R. E.; Lowry, D.; Michel, S. E.; Myhre, Cathrine Lund; Platt, Stephen Matthew; Allen, G.; Bousquet, P.; Brownlow, R.; Cain, M.; France, J. L.; Hermansen, Ove; Hossaini, R.; Jones, A. E.; Levin, I.; Manning, A. C.; Myhre, Gunnar; Pyle, J. A.; Vaughn, B.; Warwick, N. J.; White, James W. C.

Atmospheric methane grew very rapidly in 2014 (12.7 ± 0.5 ppb/year), 2015 (10.1 ± 0.7 ppb/year), 2016 (7.0 ± 0.7 ppb/year), and 2017 (7.7 ± 0.7 ppb/year), at rates not observed since the 1980s. The increase in the methane burden began in 2007, with the mean global mole fraction in remote surface background air rising from about 1,775 ppb in 2006 to 1,850 ppb in 2017. Simultaneously the 13C/12C isotopic ratio (expressed as δ13CCH4) has shifted, has shifted, now trending negative for more than a decade. The causes of methane's recent mole fraction increase are therefore either a change in the relative proportions (and totals) of emissions from biogenic and thermogenic and pyrogenic sources, especially in the tropics and subtropics, or a decline in the atmospheric sink of methane, or both. Unfortunately, with limited measurement data sets, it is not currently possible to be more definitive. The climate warming impact of the observed methane increase over the past decade, if continued at >5 ppb/year in the coming decades, is sufficient to challenge the Paris Agreement, which requires sharp cuts in the atmospheric methane burden. However, anthropogenic methane emissions are relatively very large and thus offer attractive targets for rapid reduction, which are essential if the Paris Agreement aims are to be attained.
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: The rise in atmospheric methane (CH4), which began in 2007, accelerated in the past 4 years. The growth has been worldwide, especially in the tropics and northern midlatitudes. With the rise has come a shift in the carbon isotope ratio of the methane. The causes of the rise are not fully understood, and may include increased emissions and perhaps a decline in the destruction of methane in the air. Methane's increase since 2007 was not expected in future greenhouse gas scenarios compliant with the targets of the Paris Agreement, and if the increase continues at the same rates it may become very difficult to meet the Paris goals. There is now urgent need to reduce methane emissions, especially from the fossil fuel industry.

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

2019

Individual variability in contaminants and physiological status in a resident Arctic seabird species

Eckbo, Norith; Le Bohec, Céline; Planas-Bielsa, Victor; Warner, Nicholas Alexander; Schull, Quentin; Herzke, Dorte; Zahn, Sandrine; Haarr, Ane; Gabrielsen, Geir W.; Borgå, Katrine

Elsevier

2019

Toxicity evaluation of monodisperse PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles for nanomedicine

Patsula, Vitalii; Tulinska, Jana; Trachtová, Štěpánka; Kuricova, Miroslava; Liskova, Aurelia; Španová, Alena; Ciampor, Fedor; Vávra, Ivo; Rittich, Bohuslav; Ursinyova, Monika; Dusinska, Maria; Ilavska, Silvia; Horvathova, Mira; Masanova, Vlasta; Uhnakova, Iveta; Horák, Daniel

Informa Healthcare

2019

Global and regional trends of atmospheric sulfur

Aas, Wenche; Mortier, Augustin; Bowersox, Van C.; Cherian, Ribu; Faluvegi, Greg; Fagerli, Hilde; Hand, Jenny; Klimont, Zbigniew; Galy-Lacaux, Corinne; Lehmann, Christopher M.B.; Myhre, Cathrine Lund; Myhre, Gunnar; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Sato, Keiichi; Quaas, Johannes; Rao, Pasumarthi Surya Prakasa; Schulz, Michael; Shindell, Drew; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Stein, Ariel; Takemura, Toshihiko; Tsyro, Svetlana; Vet, Robert; Xu, Xiaobin

2019

A European aerosol phenomenology – 6: scattering properties of atmospheric aerosol particles from 28 ACTRIS sites

Pandolfi, Marco; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas; Alastuey, Andrés; Andrade, Marcos; Angelov, Christo; Artiñano, Begoña; Backman, John; Baltensprenger, Urs; Bonasoni, Paolo; Bukowiecki, Nicolas; Coen, Martine Collaud; Conil, Sébastien; Coz, Esther; Crenn, Vincent; Dudoitis, Vadimas; Ealo, Marina; Eleftheriadis, Kostas; Favez, Olivier; Fetfatzis, Prodromos; Fiebig, Markus; Flentje, Harald; Ginot, Patrick; Gysel, Martin; Henzing, Bas; Hoffer, András; Smejkalova, Adela Holubova; Kalapov, Ivo; Kalivitis, Nikos; Kouvarakis, Giorgos; Kristensson, Adam; Kulmala, Markku; Lihavainen, Heikki; Lunder, Chris Rene; Luoma, Krista; Lyamani, Hassan; Marinoni, Angela; Mihalopoulos, Nikos; Moerman, Marcel; Nicolas, José; O'Dowd, Colin; Petäjä, Tuukka; Petit, Jean Eudes; Pichon, Jean-Marc; Prokopciuk, Nina; Putaud, Jean-Philippe; Rodriguez, Sergio; Sciare, Jean; Sellegri, Karine; Swietlicki, Erik; Titos, Gloria; Tuch, Thomas; Tunved, Peter; Ulevičius, Vidmantas; Vaishya, Aditya; Vána, Milan; Virkkula, Aki; Vratolis, Stergios; Weingartner, Ernest; Wiedensohler, Alfred; Laj, Paolo

2018

History of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE)

Prinn, Ronald G.; Weiss, Ray F.; Arduini, Jgor; Arnold, Tim; DeWitt, H. Langley; Fraser, Paul J.; Ganesan, Anita L.; Gasore, Jimmy; Harth, Christina M.; Hermansen, Ove; Kim, Jooil; Krummel, Paul B.; Li, Shanlan; Loh, Zöe M.; Lunder, Chris Rene; Maione, Michela; Manning, Alistair J.; Miller, Ben R.; Mitrevski, Blagoj; Muhle, Jens; O'Doherty, Simon; Park, Sunyoung; Reimann, Stefan; Rigby, Matt; Saito, Takuya; Salameh, Peter K.; Schmidt, Roland; Simmonds, Peter G.; Steele, L. Paul; Vollmer, Martin K.; Wang, Ray H.; Yao, Bo; Yokouchi, Yoko; Young, Dickon; Zhou, Lingxi

2018

Modelling spatial patterns of correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in mosses and atmospheric deposition in 2010 across Europe

Nickel, Stefan; Schröder, Winfried; Schmalfuss, Roman; Saathoff, Maike; Harmens, Harry; Mills, Gina; Frontasyeva, Marina V.; Barandovski, Lambe; Blum, Oleg; Carballeira, Alejo; De Temmerman, Ludwig; Dunaev, Anatoly M; Ene, Antoaneta; Fagerli, Hilde; Godzik, Barbara; Ilyin, Ilia; Jonkers, Sander; Jeran, Zvonka; Lazo, Pranvera; Leblond, Sebastien; Liiv, Siiri; Mankovska, Blanka; Nunez-Olivera, Encarnacion; Piispanen, Juha; Poikolainen, Jarmo; Popescu, Ion V.; Qarri, Flora; Santamaria, Jesus Miguel; Schaap, Martijn; Skudnik, Mitja; Spiric, Zdravko; Stafilov, Trajce; Steinnes, Eiliv; Stihi, Claudia; Suchara, Ivan; Uggerud, Hilde Thelle; Zechmeister, Harald G

Springer

2018

Global soil nitrous oxide emissions since the preindustrial era estimated by an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models: Magnitude, attribution, and uncertainty

Tian, Hanqin; Yang, Jia; Xu, Rongting; Lu, Chaoqun; Canadell, Josep G.; Davidson, Eric A.; Jackson, Robert B.; Arneth, Almut; Chang, Jinfeng; Ciais, Philippe; Gerber, Stefan; Ito, Akihiko; Joos, Fortunat; Lienert, Sebastian; Messina, Palmira; Olin, Stefan; Pan, Shufen; Peng, Changhui; Saikawa, Eri; Thompson, Rona Louise; Vuichard, Nicolas; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Zaehle, Sönke; Zhang, Bowen

John Wiley & Sons

2019

Assessment of air quality microsensors versus reference methods: The EuNetAir Joint Exercise – Part II

Borrego, Carlos; Ginja, Joao; Coutinho, Miguel; Ribeiro, Clara; Karatzas, Kostas; Sioumis, Th.; Katsifarakis, Nikos; Konstantinidis, Konstantinos; De Vito, Saverio; Esposito, Elena; Salvato, Maria; Smith, Paul D.; Andre, Nicolas; Gerard, Pierre; Francis, Laurent Alain; Castell, Nuria; Schneider, Philipp; Viana, Mar; Minguillón, María Cruz; Reimringer, Wolfhard; Otjes, Rene; von Sicard, Oliver; Pohle, Roland; Elen, Bart; Suriano, Domenico; Pfister, Valerio; Prato, Mario; Dipinto, S.; Penza, Michèle

Elsevier

2018

Source term estimation of multi‐specie atmospheric release of radiation from gamma dose rates

Tichy, Ondrej; Šmídl, Václav; Hofman, Radek; Evangeliou, Nikolaos

John Wiley & Sons

2018

Three-dimensional methane distribution simulated with FLEXPART 8-CTM-1.1 constrained with observation data

Zwaaftink, Christine Groot; Henne, Stephan; Thompson, Rona Louise; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Machida, Toshinobu; Paris, Jean-Daniel; Sasakawa, Motoki; Segers, Arjo; Sweeney, Colm; Stohl, Andreas

2018

Simulation of volcanic ash ingestion into a large aero engine: particle–fan interactions

Vogel, Andreas; Durant, Adam; Cassiani, Massimo; Clarkson, Rory J.; Slaby, Michal; Diplas, Spyridon; Krüger, Kirstin; Stohl, Andreas

2019

An evaluation of European nitrogen and sulfur wet deposition and their trends estimated by six chemistry transport models for the period 1990–2010

Theobald, Mark R.; Vivanco, Marta G.; Aas, Wenche; Andersson, Camilla; Ciarelli, Giancarlo; Couvidat, Florian; Cuvelier, Kees; Manders, Astrid; Mircea, Mihaela; Pay, Maria-Teresa; Tsyro, Svetlana; Adani, Mario; Bergström, Robert; Bessagnet, Bertrand; Briganti, Gino; Cappelletti, Andrea; D'Isidoro, Massimo; Fagerli, Hilde; Mar, Kathleen; Otero, Noelia; Raffort, Valentin; Roustan, Yelva; Schaap, Martijn; Wind, Peter; Colette, Augustin

2019

Coral Reef Socio-Ecological Systems Analysis & Restoration

Uribe-Castaneda, Natalia; Newton, Alice; Le Tissier, Martin

Restoration strategies for coral reefs are usually focused on the recovery of bio-physical characteristics. They seldom include an evaluation of the recovery of the socio-ecological and ecosystem services features of coral reef systems. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to address both the socio-ecological system features of coral reefs with the implementation of restoration activity for degraded coral reefs. Such a framework can lead to better societal outcomes from restoration activities while restoring bio-physical, social and ecosystem service features of such systems. We first developed a Socio Ecological System Analysis Framework, which combines the Ostrom Framework for analyzing socio-ecological systems and the Kittinger et al. human dimensions framework of coral reefs socio-ecological systems. We then constructed a Restoration of Coral Reef Framework, based on the most used and recent available coral reef restoration literature. These two frameworks were combined to present a Socio-Ecological Systems & Restoration Coral Reef Framework. These three frameworks can be used as a guide for managers, researchers and decision makers to analyze the needs of coral reef restoration in a way that addresses both socio-economic and ecological objectives to analyze, design, implement and monitor reef restoration programs.

MDPI

2018

Plasma concentrations of organohalogenated contaminants in white-tailed eagle nestlings – The role of age and diet

Løseth, Mari Engvig; Briels, Nathalie; Eulaers, Igor; Nygård, Torgeir; Malarvannan, Govindan; Poma, Giulia; Covaci, Adrian; Herzke, Dorte; Bustnes, Jan Ove; Lepoint, Gilles; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Jaspers, Veerle

Elsevier

2018

Contaminants in Atlantic walruses Part 2: Relationships with endocrine and immune systems

Routti, Heli; Diot, Beatrice; Panti, Cristina; Duale, Nur; Fossi, Maria Cristina; Harju, Mikael; Kovacs, Kit M.; Lydersen, Christian; Scotter, Sophie Ellen; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Bourgeon, Sophie

Elsevier

2019

Indoor air pollution impact on cultural heritage in an urban and a rural location in Romania: the National military museum in Bucharest and the Tismana monastery in Gorj County.

Grøntoft, Terje; Marincas, Octaviana

Assessment was performed of the air quality related risk to the conservation of cultural heritage objects in one urban and one rural indoor location in Romania, with expected different air quality related conservation challenges: the National military museum in Bucharest and the Tismana monastery in Gorj County. The work was performed within and subsequent to the EU-Memori project by applying Memori methodology, Memori®-EWO (Early warning organic) dosimeters and passive pollution badge samplers for acetic and formic acids. The measurements in the National military museum were performed in three rooms with different exposure situations, and inside protective enclosures in the rooms. The rooms had organic and inorganic objects on exhibition and in store. The observed risks were associated with photo-oxidizing impact probably due to traffic pollutants entering from outdoor, and/or light exposure and temperature. The risks were found to be moderate, generally comparable to typical European purpose built museum locations. The highest risk was observed in a more open exhibition room in the main museum building. It was indicated that some observable change might happen to sensitive pigments and paper within 3 years, and to lead, copper and sensitive glass within 30 years in this location. Risk for observable change to sensitive pigments, paper, lead and sensitive glass within 30 years, was indicated in the other locations. The lowest risk was observed in a warehouse. A reduction in photo-oxidizing risk was measured in two of the enclosures, but a slightly higher acidic impact was measured in all the three enclosures, as compared to the respective rooms. In the Tismana monastery, a high level of acetic plus formic acid was observed in the air in the storerooms for icons and textiles, and books. Damage risk within 3 years was indicated for lead objects and sensitive glass, and within 30 years for iron and varnish (Laropal A81, resin mastic and dammar). As organic acid attack increases significantly at higher air humidity (> ~ 60%), this would be especially important to avoid. Risk for photo-oxidizing damage to paper and sensitive pigments within 30 years was indicated.

BioMed Central (BMC)

2018

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