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2018
2018
Zurich statement on future actions on per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made chemicals that contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n–. To date, over 4,000 unique PFASs have been used in technical applications and consumer products, and some of them have been detected globally in human and wildlife biomonitoring studies. Because of their extraordinary persistence, human and environmental exposure to PFASs will be a long-term source of concern. Some PFASs such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) have been investigated extensively and thus regulated, but for many other PFASs, knowledge about their current uses and hazards is still very limited or missing entirely. To address this problem and prepare an action plan for the assessment and management of PFASs in the coming years, a group of more than 50 international scientists and regulators held a two-day workshop in November, 2017. The group identified both the respective needs of and common goals shared by the scientific and the policy communities, made recommendations for cooperative actions, and outlined how the science–policy interface regarding PFASs can be strengthened using new approaches for assessing and managing highly persistent chemicals such as PFASs.
2018
Spredningsberegning og bestemmelse av skorsteinshøyde
Tillatelser etter forurensningsloven og forurensningsforskriften kapittel 27 om forbrenning av rene
brensler stiller krav om bruk av spredningsberegninger for bestemmelse av bakkekonsentrasjoner og
skorsteinshøyder.
Denne veilederen gir informasjon om regelverk om luftforurensning og forklarer hvordan
spredningsberegninger skal utføres for å bestemme nødvendig skorsteinshøyde.
Veilederen er tiltenkt brukere av spredningsmodeller i konsulentbransjen, myndigheter, anleggseiere
og interessegrupper.
Miljødirektoratet
2018
2018
I prosjektet ble det utført målinger av kvikksølv (Hg) i luft ved en stasjon og prøvetaking og analyse av Hg i nedbør ved to stasjoner, samt analyse av Hg i 14 storfisk fra Pasvikvassdraget. Måleresultatene for Hg i luft i Karpdalen viser bakgrunnsnivåer rundt 1,3 - 1,4 ng/m3. Forhøyede konsentrasjoner av Hg samsvarer med forhøyede konsentrasjoner av SO2 (episoder). Det er derfor sannsynliggjort at episodene skyldes utslipp fra samme kilde eller kildeområder på russisk side. Konsentrasjoner av Hg i nedbør og avsetning er høyere på Svanvik enn i Karpdalen, men lavere enn bakgrunnsstasjoner i Sør-Norge. Analyser av Hg i fisk viser at de største fiskene (gjedde, ørret, abbor) har verdier over grenseverdi på 0,5 mg/kg. Sik viste lave verdier.
NILU
2018
Atmospheric monitoring and inverse modelling for verification of greenhouse gas inventories
The Paris Agreement requires accurate accounting of greenhouse gases (GHGs) by all countries. Complementary to bottom-up emission inventories, global, regional and national GHG emissions can be estimated using atmospheric measurements and atmospheric models (the "top-down" approach). This report provides an overview of current capabilities, potential, and further perspectives to use the "top-down" approach to evaluate and improve estimates of greenhouse gas emissions in support of the Paris Agreement.
Publications Office of the European Union
2018
Interim Annual Assessment Report for 2017. European air quality in 2017.
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service
2018
2018
This report presents VOC measurements carried out during 2016 at EMEP monitoring sites. In total, 19 sites reported VOC data from EMEP VOC sites this year. Some of the data sets are considered preliminary and are not included in the report.
The monitoring of NMHC (non-methane hydrocarbons) has become more diverse with time in terms of instrumentation. Starting in the early 1990s with standardized methods based on manual sampling in steel canisters with subsequent analyses at the lab, the methods now consist of a variety of instruments and measurement principles, including automated continuous monitors and manual flask samples. For oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), sampling in DNPH-tubes with subsequent lab-analyses is still the only method in use at EMEP sites.
Within the EU infrastructure project ACTRIS-2, data quality issues related to measurements of VOC have been an important topic. Many of the institutions providing VOC data to EMEP have participated in the ACTRIS-2 project, either as formal partners or on a voluntary basis. Participation in ACTRIS-2 has meant an extensive effort with data checking including detailed discussions between the ACTRIS community and individual participants. There is no doubt that this extensive effort has benefited the EMEP program and has led to improved data quality in general.
Comparison between median levels in 2016 compared to the medians of the previous 10-years period, revealed a similar north-to-south pattern for several species.
Changes in instrumentation, procedures, station network etc. during the last two decades make it difficult to provide a rigorous and pan-European assessment of long-term trends of the observed VOCs. In this report we have estimated the long-term trends in NMHC over the 2000-2016 period at six selected sites by two independent statistical methods. These estimates indicate marked differences in the trends for the individual species. Small or non-significant trends were found for ethane over this period followed by propane which also showed fairly small reductions. On the other hand, components linked to road traffic (ethene, ethyne and toluene) showed the strongest drop in mean concentrations, up to 60-80% at some stations. The trend in n-butane was between these two groups of species with an estimated drop in the annual mean concentration of 20-40% over the 2000-2016 period
NILU
2018
Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - East (MSC-E)
2018
Assessment of heavy metal transboundary pollution on global, regional and national scales
Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - East (MSC-E)
2018
Environmental pollutants in the terrestrial and urban environment 2017
Abiotic and biotic samples from the terrestrial and urban environment were analysed for inorganic and various organic contaminants in the Oslo area. The species analysed were earthworms, fieldfare, sparrowhawk, brown rat, tawny owl, red fox and badger. Air and soil samples were also included in the study to increase the understanding on sources and uptake of pollutants. A foodchain approach was used, in order to detect trophic magnification of the different compounds.
NILU
2018
2018
2018
2018
Grenseområdene Norge-Russland. Luft- og nedbørkvalitet, årsrapport 2017.
Smelteverkene i NV-Russland slipper ut store mengder svoveldioksid (SO2) og tungmetaller. Utslippene påvirker luft- og nedbørkvalitet i grenseområdene. Miljøovervåkingen viser at grenseverdier for SO2 er overholdt i kalenderåret
2017, samt sesongmiddel vinter 2016/17. Målsettingsverdier for Ni og As er overholdt.
NILU
2018
Air quality in 7 Norwegian municipalities in 2015. Summary report for NBV results.
This report documents the methodology used to compile air quality information for the year 2015 in seven Norwegian municipality areas under the first phase of development of the Norwegian Air Quality Planning Tool, also called “Nasjonalt Beregningsverktøy” or NBV. It follows a similar structure to and complements the final report entitled “Air quality in 7 Norwegian municipalities in 2015 – Summary report for NBV results” (NILU rapport 21/2017) where information on air quality in the seven main city areas in Norway was presented.
This report constitutes a user guide for the NBV-services, available at http://www.luftkalitet-nbv.no, in municipal areas. It provides recommendations on how to best use each product for air quality planning purposes and explains the main strengths and limitations of the results. The NBV air quality data for municipalities is subject to larger uncertainties than the data available for the main Norwegian city areas and this has to be taken into consideration when analyzing the results.
NILU
2018
Air quality in Europe - 2018 report
The current report presents an updated overview and analysis of air quality in Europe from 2000 to 2016. It reviews the progress made towards meeting the air quality standards established in the two EU Ambient Air Quality Directives and towards the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines (AQGs). It also presents the latest findings and estimates on population and ecosystem exposure to the air pollutants with the greatest impacts and effects. The evaluation of the status of air quality is based mainly on reported ambient air measurements, in conjunction with modelling data and data on anthropogenic emissions and their evolution over time.
European Environment Agency
2018