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2014
Road dust and PM10 in the Nordic countries. Measures to reduce road dust emissions from traffic.
Nordic countries suffer from periodic worsening of the air quality during spring with high peak PM10 concentrations (airborne particulate matter with diameter less than 10 µm or 0.01 mm). Characteristic for the high springtime PM10 concentrations are high shares of coarse particles (with diameters between 2.5 and 10µm), a signature of non-exhaust traffic dust formed via abrasion and wear of pavement, traction control materials, vehicle brakes and tyres. This Policy Brief summarizes the current understanding of the road dust system and presents the mitigation measures and policies currently in place in the Nordic countries. It has been compiled as part of the NORTRIP project funded by the Climate and air pollution working group of the Nordic Council of Ministers by researchers from 11 Nordic institutes studying different aspects of traffic non-exhaust emissions and road dust.
2017
2016
Road traffic's contribution to air quality in European cities. ETC/ACM Technical Paper, 2012/14
2013
Roadmap for action for advancing aggregate exposure to chemicals in the EU
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has a goal to efficiently conduct aggregate exposure assessments (AEAs) for chemicals using both exposure models and human biomonitoring (HBM) data by 2030. To achieve EFSA's vision, a roadmap for action for advancing aggregate exposure (AE) in the EU was developed. This roadmap was created by performing a series of engagement and data collection activities to map the currently available methods, data, and tools for assessing AE of chemicals, against the needs and priorities of EFSA. This allowed for the creation of a AEA framework, identification of data and knowledge gaps in our current capabilities, and identification of the challenges and blockers that would hinder efforts to fill the gaps. The roadmap identifies interdependent working areas (WAs) where additional research and development are required to achieve EFSA's goal. It also proposes future collaboration opportunities and recommends several project proposals to meet EFSA's goals. Eight proposal projects supported by SWOT analysis are presented for EFSA's consideration. The project proposals inform high-level recommendations for multi-annual and multi-partner projects. Recommendations to improve stakeholder engagement and communication of EFSA's work on AEA were gathered by surveying stakeholders on specific actions to improve EFSA's communication on AE, including webinars, virtual training, social media channels, and newsletters.
2024
A strategy for how Norwegian applied organizations should prepare for the upcoming EarthCARE and Sentinel 5 precursor satellite missions is discussed, and long- and short-term plans are provided. The satellites and their potential products are discussed in terms of possible applications by NILU and met.no and data are considered for operational use in (a) reporting of climate gases, aerosols, ozone and UV to Klif, (b) EMEP reporting on aerosol and acidification/eutrophication, (c) chemical weather forecasting, (d) numerical weather forecasting and (e) research on Cloud-Aerosol-Radiation interaction.
2011
Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing
Anthropogenic aerosols exert a cooling influence that offsets part of the greenhouse gas warming. Due to their short tropospheric lifetime of only several days, the aerosol forcing responds quickly to emissions. Here, we present and discuss the evolution of the aerosol forcing since 2000. There are multiple lines of evidence that allow us to robustly conclude that the anthropogenic aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF) – both aerosol–radiation interactions (ERFari) and aerosol–cloud interactions (ERFaci) – has become less negative globally, i.e. the trend in aerosol effective radiative forcing changed sign from negative to positive. Bottom-up inventories show that anthropogenic primary aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions declined in most regions of the world; observations related to aerosol burden show declining trends, in particular of the fine-mode particles that make up most of the anthropogenic aerosols; satellite retrievals of cloud droplet numbers show trends in regions with aerosol declines that are consistent with these in sign, as do observations of top-of-atmosphere radiation. Climate model results, including a revised set that is constrained by observations of the ocean heat content evolution show a consistent sign and magnitude for a positive forcing relative to the year 2000 due to reduced aerosol effects. This reduction leads to an acceleration of the forcing of climate change, i.e. an increase in forcing by 0.1 to 0.3 W m−2, up to 12 % of the total climate forcing in 2019 compared to 1750 according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
2022
2019
2009
2004
2016
2016
2012
2017
2010
Absorpsjonslinjer i solspektra fylles igjen på grunn av rotasjonell Raman spredning (RRS). Ved analyse av UV og synlige spektra blir RRS rutinemessig korrigert for. Effekten er også tilstede ved lengre bølgelengder, men generelt avtar den når bølgelengdene øker. For spektra med høy spektraloppløsning kan effekten være av betydning. Avhengig av anvendelsen kan det være nødvendig å kvantifisere og korrigere for RRS også ved lengre bølgelengder. Av spesiell interesse er effekten i O2-A (759-769 nm) og O2-B (686-697 nm) bandene. Effekten av RRS i disse bandene blir presentert for satellittinstrumentene CarbonSat, FLEX/FLORIS, MERIS og OLCI.
2012
2025
2024
2017