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2023
2023
2023
There is considerable interest in identifying chemicals which have the potential to undergo long-range environmental transport (LRTP), accumulate in remote regions, and represent a possible risk to environmental and human health. In this report, we have screened a list of 1,000 organic chemicals, as well as selected brominated dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs), for their potential to be dispersed, transferred to, and accumulated in remote regions. This screening was carried out applying a new set of LRTP metrics, collectively referred to as the emissions fractions approach (EFA), as implemented in a modified version of the OECD POV and LRTP (long-range transport potential) Screening Tool (The Tool).
NILU
2023
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2023
Safety-by-design and engineered nanomaterials: the need to move from theory to practice
As the governance of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) evolves, innovations in the prevention, mitigation, management, and transfer of risk shape discussion of how nanotechnology may mature and reach various marketplaces. Safety-by-Design (SbD) is one leading concept that, while equally philosophy as well as risk-based practice, can uniquely help address lingering uncertainties and concerns stemming from regulatory evaluation of ENM risk across worker, consumer, and environmental safety. This paper provides a discussion on the SbD concept across different disciplines aiming to identify different approaches and needs to meet regulatory requirements—ultimately, we argue that SbD is evolving both to meet the needs and discourse of various disciplines, and to apply within differing marketplaces and national regulatory structures. Understanding how SbD has evolved within ENM can yield a more practical application and development of SbD, and help guide or unify national and international ENM governance around a core set of safety-driven principles.
2023
Måling av maursyre og eddiksyre i to oppbevaringsbokser ved Munchmuseet i Oslo
Målinger av maursyre (HCOOH), eddiksyre (CH3COOH) og flyktige organiske forbindelser (VOC) ble gjort i to oppbevaringsbokser ved Munchmuseet i Oslo. Noe forhøyede konsentrasjoner av maursyre, eddiksyre og totale flyktige organiske forbindelser (TVOC) ble målt i boksene, men konsentrasjonene er like fullt lave sammenlignet med vurderte risikonivåer for kulturav-materialer.
NILU
2023
2023
Fine-resolution spatio-temporal maps of near-surface urban air temperature (Ta) provide crucial data inputs for sustainable urban decision-making, personal heat exposure, and climate-relevant epidemiological studies. The recent availability of IoT weather station data allows for high-resolution urban Ta mapping using approaches such as interpolation techniques or machine learning (ML). This study is aimed at executing these approaches and traditional numerical modeling within a practical and operational framework and evaluate their practicality and efficiency in cases where data availability, computational constraints, or specialized expertise pose challenges. We employ Netatmo crowd-sourced weather station data and three geospatial mapping approaches: (1) Ordinary Kriging, (2) statistical ML model (using predictors primarily derived from Earth Observation Data), and (3) weather research and forecasting model (WRF) to predict/map daily Ta at nearly 1-km spatial resolution in Warsaw (Poland) for June–September and compare the predictions against observations from 5 meteorological reference stations. The results reveal that ML can serve as a viable alternative approach to traditional kriging and numerical simulation, characterized by reduced complexity and higher computational speeds within the domain of urban meteorological studies (overall RMSE = 1.06 °C and R2 = 0.94, compared to ground-based meteorological stations). The results have implications for identifying the urban regions vulnerable to overheating and evidence-based urban management in response to climate change. Due to the open-sourced nature of the applied predictors and input parsimony, the ML method can be easily replicated for other EU cities.
2023
2023