Publikasjoner

Multi-Scale Soil Salinization Dynamics From Global to Pore Scale: A Review

Shokri, Nima; Hassani, Amirhossein; Sahimi, Muhammad

Soil salinization refers to the accumulation of water-soluble salts in the upper part of the soil profile. Excessive levels of soil salinity affects crop production, soil health, and ecosystem functioning. This phenomenon threatens agriculture, food security, soil stability, and fertility leading to land degradation and loss of essential soil ecosystem services that are fundamental to sustaining life. In this review, we synthesize recent advances in soil salinization at various spatial and temporal scales, ranging from global to core, pore, and molecular scales, offering new insights and presenting our perspective on potential future research directions to address key challenges and open questions related to soil salinization. Globally, we identify significant challenges in understanding soil salinity, which are (a) the considerable uncertainty in estimating the total area of salt-affected soils, (b) geographical bias in ground-based measurements of soil salinity, and (c) lack of information and data detailing secondary salinization processes, both in dry- and wetlands, particularly concerning responses to climate change. At the core scale, the impact of salt precipitation with evolving porous structure on the evaporative fluxes from porous media is not fully understood. This knowledge is crucial for accurately predicting soil water loss due to evaporation. Additionally, the effects of transport properties of porous media, such as mixed wettability conditions, on the saline water evaporation and the resulting salt precipitation patterns remain unclear. Furthermore, effective continuum equations must be developed to accurately represent experimental data and pore-scale numerical simulations.

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Indirect exposure to coastal flood risks in the Norwegian economy

Barre, Francis Isidore

Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen, Cadmium, Mercury and B(a)P to the Baltic Sea in 2022

Gauss, Michael; Travnikov, Oleg; Gačnik, Jan; Aas, Wenche; Klein, Heiko; Nyiri, Agnes

Norwegian Meteorological Institute

Routine PFAS Testing of Wastewater Samples using TOP Assay and the ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector

Foddy, Henry; Cjocariu, Cristian; Nikiforov, Vladimir

Atmospheric Microplastic in the Arctic and Mainland Norway; occurence, composition and sources

Herzke, Dorte; Schmidt, Natascha; Eckhardt, Sabine; Schulze, Dorothea; Evangeliou, Nikolaos

Can plastic related chemicals be indicators of plastic ingestion in an Arctic seabird?

Collard, France; Tulatz, Felix; Harju, Mikael; Herzke, Dorte; Bourgeon, Sophie; Gabrielsen, Geir Wing

For decades, the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) has been found to ingest and accumulate high loads of plastic due to its feeding ecology and digestive tract morphology. Plastic ingestion can lead to both physical and toxicological effects as ingested plastics can be a pathway for hazardous chemicals into seabirds' tissues. Many of these contaminants are ubiquitous in the environment and the contribution of plastic ingestion to the uptake of those contaminants in seabirds’ tissues is poorly known. In this study we aimed at quantifying several plastic-related chemicals (PRCs) -PBDE209, several dechloranes and several phthalate metabolites- and assessing their relationship with plastic burdens (both mass and number) to further investigate their potential use as proxies for plastic ingestion. Blood samples from fulmar fledglings and liver samples from both fledgling and non-fledgling fulmars were collected for PRC quantification. PBDE209 and dechloranes were quantified in 39 and 33 livers, respectively while phthalates were quantified in plasma. Plastic ingestion in these birds has been investigated previously and showed a higher prevalence in fledglings. PBDE209 was detected in 28.2 % of the liver samples. Dechlorane 602 was detected in all samples while Dechloranes 601 and 604 were not detected in any sample. Dechlorane 603 was detected in 11 individuals (33%). Phthalates were detected in one third of the analysed blood samples. Overall, no significant positive correlation was found between plastic burdens and PRC concentrations. However, a significant positive relationship between PBDE209 and plastic number was found in fledglings, although likely driven by one outlier. Our study shows the complexity of PRC exposure, the timeline of plastic ingestion and subsequent uptake of PRCs into the tissues in birds, the additional exposure of these chemicals via their prey, even in a species ingesting high loads of plastic.

Elsevier

Governance of advanced materials: Shaping a safe and sustainable future

Groenewold, Monique; Bleeker, Eric A.J.; Noorlander, Cornelle W.; Sips, Adriënne J.A.M.; van der Zee, Margriet; Aitken, Robert J.; Baker, James H.; Bakker, Martine I.; Bouman, Evert; Doak, Shareen H.; Drobne, Damjana; Dumit, Verónica I.; Florin, Marie-Valentine; Fransman, Wouter; Gonzalez, Mar M.; Heunisch, Elisabeth; Isigonis, Panagiotis; Jeliazkova, Nina; Jensen, Keld Alstrup; Kuhlbusch, Thomas; Lynch, Iseult; Morrison, Mark; Porcari, Andrea; Rodríguez-Llopis, Isabel; Pozuelo, Blanca M.; Resch, Susanne; Säämänen, Arto J.; Serchi, Tommaso; Soeteman-Hernandez, Lya G.; Willighagen, Egon; Dusinska, Maria; Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J.

Elsevier

Estimating high resolution surface air pollutants using machine learning and satellites

Shetty, Shobitha; Schneider, Philipp; Stebel, Kerstin; Hamer, Paul David; Kylling, Arve; Berntsen, Terje Koren

Polychlorinated alkanes in indoor environment: A review of levels, sources, exposure, and health implications for chlorinated paraffin mixtures

Ezker, Idoia Beloki; Yuan, Bo; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla; Borgen, Anders; Wang, Thanh

Polychlorinated n-alkanes (PCAs) are the main components of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) mixtures, that have been commonly grouped into short-chain (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain (MCCPs, C14–17), and long-chain (LCCPs, C18-30) CPs. PCAs pose a significant risk to human health as they are broadly present in indoor environments and are potentially persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. The lack of specific terminology and harmonization in analytical methodologies for PCA analysis complicates direct comparisons between studies. The present work summarizes the different methodologies applied for the analysis of PCAs in indoor dust, air, and organic films. The large variability between the reviewed studies points to the difficulties to assess PCA contamination in these matrices and to mitigate risks associated with indoor exposure. Based on our review of physicochemical properties of PCAs and previously reported sum of measurable S/M/LCCPs levels, the homologue groups PCAs–C10–13 are found to be mostly present in the gas phase, PCAs–C14–17 in particulate matter and organic films, and PCAs–C≥18 in settled dust. However, we emphasized that mapping PCA sources and distribution in the indoors is highly dependent on the individual homologues. To further comprehend indoor PCA distribution, we described the uses of PCA in building materials and household products to apportion important indoor sources of emissions and pathways for human exposure. The greatest risk for indoor PCAs were estimated to arise from dermal absorption and ingestion through contact with dust and CP containing products. In addition, there are several factors affecting indoor PCA levels and exposure in different regions, including legislation, presence of specific products, cleaning routines, and ventilation frequency. This review provides comprehensive analysis of available indoor PCA data, the physicochemical properties, applied analytical methods, possible interior sources, variables affecting the levels, human exposure to PCAs, as well as need for more information, thereby providing perspectives for future research studies.

Elsevier

A Fuzzy Decision Support System with Semantic Knowledge Graph for Personalized Asthma Monitoring: A Conceptual Modeling

Chatterjee, Ayan

An Introduction to prismAId

Boero, Riccardo

Forskere advarer mot giftstoffer som hoper seg opp i miljøet

Heimstad, Eldbjørg Sofie; Herzke, Dorte (intervjuobjekter); Aukrust, Øyvind (journalist)

Effect of Long-Range Transported Fire Aerosols on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentrations and Cloud Properties at High Latitudes

Kommula, Snehitha M.; Buchholz, Angela; Gramlich, Yvette; Mielonen, Tero; Hao, L.; Pullinen, Iida; Vettikkat, Lejish; Ylisirniö, A.; Joutsensaari, J.; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Tiitta, P; Leskinen, Ari; Heslin-Rees, Dominic; Haslett, S. L.; Siegel, Karolina; Lunder, Chris Rene; Zieger, Paul; Krejci, Radovan; Romakkaniemi, Sami; Mohr, C.; Virtanen, Annele

Active vegetation fires in south-eastern (SE) Europe resulted in a notable increase in the number concentration of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) particles at two high latitude locations—the SMEAR IV station in Kuopio, Finland, and the Zeppelin Observatory in Svalbard, high Arctic. During the fire episode aerosol hygroscopicity κ slightly increased at SMEAR IV and at the Zeppelin Observatory κ decreased. Despite increased κ in high CCN conditions at SMEAR IV, the aerosol activation diameter increased due to the decreased supersaturation with an increase in aerosol loading. In addition, at SMEAR IV during the fire episode, in situ measured cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) increased by a factor of ∼7 as compared to non-fire periods which was in good agreement with the satellite observations (MODIS, Terra). Results from this study show the importance of SE European fires for cloud properties and radiative forcing in high latitudes.

American Geophysical Union (AGU)