Publikasjoner

Revealing the significant acceleration of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions in eastern Asia through long-term atmospheric observations

Choi, Haklim; Redington, Alison L.; Park, Hyeri; Kim, Jooil; Thompson, Rona Louise; Mühle, Jens; Salameh, Peter K.; Harth, Christina M.; Weiss, Ray F.; Manning, Alistair J.; Park, Sunyoung

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are powerful anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) with high global-warming potentials (GWPs). They have been widely used as refrigerants, insulation foam-blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression agents. Since the mid-1990s, emissions of HFCs have been increasing rapidly as they are used in many applications to replace ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) whose consumption and production have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol (MP). Due to the high GWP of HFCs, the Kigali Amendment to the MP requires the phasedown of production and consumption of HFCs to gradually achieve an 80 %–85 % reduction by 2047, starting in 2019 for non-Article 5 (developed) countries with a 10 % reduction against each defined baseline and later schedules for Article 5 (developing) countries. In this study, we have examined long-term high-precision measurements of atmospheric abundances of five major HFCs (HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-152a) at Gosan station, Jeju Island, South Korea, from 2008 to 2020. Background abundances of HFCs gradually increased, and the inflow of polluted air masses with elevated abundances from surrounding source regions were detected over the entire period. From these pollution events, we inferred regional and country-specific HFC emission estimates using two independent Lagrangian particle dispersion models and Bayesian inversion frameworks (FLEXPART-FLEXINVERT+ and NAME-InTEM). The spatial distribution of the derived “top-down” (measurement based) emissions for all HFCs shows large fluxes from megacities and industrial areas in the region. Our most important finding is that HFC emissions in eastern China and Japan have sharply increased from 2016 to 2018. The contribution of East Asian HFC emissions to the global total increased from 9 % (2008–2014) to 13 % (2016–2020). In particular, HFC emissions in Japan (Annex I country) rose rapidly from 2016 onward, with accumulated total inferred HFC emissions being ∼ 114 Gg yr−1, which is ∼ 76 Gg yr−1 higher for 2016–2020 than the “bottom-up” (i.e., based on activity data and emission factors) emissions of ∼ 38 Gg yr−1 reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This is likely related to the increase in domestic demand in Japan for refrigerants and air-conditioning-system-related products and incomplete accounting. A downward trend of HFC emissions that started in 2019 reflects the effectiveness of the F-gas policy in Japan. Eastern China and South Korea, though not obligated to report to the UNFCCC, voluntarily reported emissions, which also show differences between top-down and bottom-up emission estimates, demonstrating the need for atmospheric measurements, comprehensive data analysis, and accurate reporting for precise emission management. Further, the proportional contribution of each country's CO2-equivalent HFC emissions has changed over time, with HFC-134a decreasing and HFC-125 increasing. This demonstrates the transition in the predominant HFC substances contributing to global warming in each country.

Retrospective and prospective intake assessment of perfluorinated chemicals within the European Union: The PERFOOD project.

Brambillla, G.; Dellatte, E.; di Domenico, A.; Heinemeyer, G.; D'Hollander, W.; Herzke, D.; van Leeuven, S.; De Voogt, P.

Retro database for observations. Powerpoint presentation. NILU F

Vik, A.F.; Bjørndalsæter, S.; Stoll, C.

RETRO database for observational data. NILU F

Vik, A.F.

Retrieving radius, concentration, optical depth, and mass of different types of aerosols from high-resolution infrared nadir spectra.

Clarisse, L.; Hurtmans, D.; Prata, A.J.; Karagulian, F.; Clerbaux, C.; De Maziere, M.; Coheur, P.F.

Retrieval of volcanic ash particle size, mass and optical depth from a ground-based thermal infrared camera.

Prata, A.J.; Bernardo, C.

Retrieval of SO2 from thermal infrared satellite measurements: correction procedures for the effects of volcanic ash.

Corradini, S.; Merucci, L.; Prata, A.J.

Retrieval of atmospheric static stability from MST radar return signal power.

Hooper, D.A.; Arvelius, J.; Stebel, K.

Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Properties via an All-Sky Imager and Machine Learning: Uncertainty in Direct Normal Irradiance Estimations

Logothetis, Stavros-Andreas; Giannaklis, Christos-Panagiotis; Salamalikis, Vasileios; Tzoumanikas, Panagiotis; Raptis, Panagiotis-Ioannis; Amiridis, Vassilis; Eleftheratos, Kostas; Kazantzidis, Andreas

Quality-assured aerosol optical properties (AOP) with high spatiotemporal resolution are vital for the accurate estimation of direct aerosol radiative forcing and solar irradiance under clear skies. In this study, the sky information from an all-sky imager (ASI) is used with machine learning (ML) synergy to estimate aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the Ångström Exponent (AE). The retrieved AODs (AE) revealed good accuracy, with a dispersion error lower than 0.07 (0.15). The retrieved ML AOPs are used to estimate the DNI by applying radiative transfer modeling. The estimated ML DNI calculations revealed adequate accuracy to reproduce reference measurements with relatively low uncertainties.

Resuspension of microplastic particles from arid regions and global impacts on atmospheric concentrations and deposition

Evangelou, Ioanna; Tatsii, Daria; Bucci, Silvia; Zwaaftink, Christine Groot; Stohl, Andreas

Results of the first-ever ACSM intercomparison study from the ACTRIS-ACSM network. NILU F

Crenn, V.; Sciare, J.; Favez, O.; Croteau, P.L.; Fröhlich, R.; Setyan, A.; Verlhac, S.; Riffault, V.; Äijälä, M.; Bressi, M.; Carbone, C.; Cavalli, F.; Coz, E.; Cubison, M.J.; Gietl, J.K.; Heikkinen, L.; Lunder, C.; Minguillón, M.C.; Ovadnevaite, J.; Petralia, E.; Poulain, L.; Priestman, M.; Ripoll, A.,. Artíñano, B.; Baisnée, D.; Bonnaire, N.; Canagaratna, M.; Green, D.C.; Mocnik, G.; Gros, V.; Petit, J.E.; Sarda-Estève, R.; Jayne, J.T.; Prévôt, A.S.H.

Results from the Swedish screening programme 2007. Subreport 1: Amines. IVL Report, B1817

Woldegiorgis, A.; Wiklund, P.; Remberger, M.; Kaj, L.; Viktor, T.; Lilja, K.; Brorström-Lundén, E.; Dye, C.

Results from the Swedish screening programme 2006. Subreport 3: Zinc pyrithone and irgarol 1051. IVL Report B1764

Woldegeorgis, A.; Remberger, M.; Kaj, L.; Green, J.; Ekheden, Y.; Cousins, A.P.; Brorström-Lundén, E.; Dye, C.; Aspmo, K.; Vadset, M.; Schlabach, M.; Langford, K.