Fant 9759 publikasjoner. Viser side 257 av 391:
2006
2024
2010
2016
Short-lived climate forcers have been proven important both for the climate and human health. In particular, black carbon (BC) is an important climate forcer both as an aerosol and when deposited on snow and ice surface because of its strong light absorption. This paper presents measurements of elemental carbon (EC; a measurement-based definition of BC) in snow collected from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during 2014, 2015 and 2016. The Russian Arctic is of great interest to the scientific community due to the large uncertainty of emission sources there. We have determined the major contributing sources of BC in snow in western Siberia and northwestern European Russia using a Lagrangian atmospheric transport model. For the first time, we use a recently developed feature that calculates deposition in backward (so-called retroplume) simulations allowing estimation of the specific locations of sources that contribute to the deposited mass.
EC concentrations in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia were highly variable depending on the sampling location. Modelled BC and measured EC were moderately correlated (R = 0.53–0.83) and a systematic region-specific model underestimation was found. The model underestimated observations by 42 % (RMSE = 49 ng g−1) in 2014, 48 % (RMSE = 37 ng g−1) in 2015 and 27 % (RMSE = 43 ng g−1) in 2016. For EC sampled in northwestern European Russia the underestimation by the model was smaller (fractional bias, FB > −100 %). In this region, the major sources were transportation activities and domestic combustion in Finland. When sampling shifted to western Siberia, the model underestimation was more significant (FB < −100 %). There, the sources included emissions from gas flaring as a major contributor to snow BC. The accuracy of the model calculations was also evaluated using two independent datasets of BC measurements in snow covering the entire Arctic. The model underestimated BC concentrations in snow especially for samples collected in springtime.
2018
2005
2006
2002
2002
Ormen Lange landanlegg. Konsekvenser av utslipp til luft - oppdatering av tidligere rapport. NILU OR
2008
2024
Oslo Citizens' Observatory. Results from the Oslo Empowerment Initiative as part of the CITI-SENSE project. NILU report
CITI-SENSE prosjektet har blitt initiert for å etablere såkalte Citizens' Observatorier i forskjellige byer i Europa. Ved å bruke forskjellige lavpris måleinstrumenter skulle folk flest bli i stand til å påvirke beslutningene som berører luftkvaliteten i deres nærområder. Som del av CITI-SENSE gjennomførte vi undersøkelser i ni europeiske byer. Denne rapporten inneholder resultatene fra aktivitetene gjennomført i Oslo Citizens' Observatoriet, aktiv i tidsrommet mellom desember 2015 og september 2016. Vi presenterer verktøy og tjenester vi brukte, innsamlede data og målinger samt brukernes vurdering av verktøyene og aktivitetene i Oslo. Vi avslutter med å presentere våre erfaringer fra aktiviteter som hadde som mål å engasjere befolkningen i miljøovervåkning.
2017
2020
2000
2000
2024
2014
Norsk institutt for vannforskning
2018