Fant 9759 publikasjoner. Viser side 267 av 391:
2002
Evaluating a forecast system for long-range atmospheric transport episodes of POPs. NILU PP
Background air measurements of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) within existing monitoring programs are typically conducted by use of active air samplers (AAS), but the high cost of AAS limits their spatial and temporal coverage. Sampling at many such sites furthermore occurs at fixed intervals (e.g. one day per week) without any a priori consideration of air mass transport (i.e., whether the air is likely to be polluted or not). While the current strategy is appropriate for the purpose of assessing long-term trends (years, decades), the fixed interval non-continuous sampling approach is at risk of missing out key long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) episodes. The objectives of this study have been to (i) develop a forecast system using the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART to predict long-range atmospheric transport episodes of POPs using PCB-28 as a model compound, (ii) to evaluate the capability of the forecast system to capture specific LRAT events at a background site in southern Norway (Birkenes) through targeted sampling (i.e. when LRAT events are predicted), (iii) to assess whether predicted LRAT events for PCB-28 coincide with elevated concentrations of additional PCBs and other POPs, and (iv) to identify source regions of POPs during individual episodes. The system has been initially evaluated by comparing targeted samples collected over 12 to 25 hours during individual LRAT episodes, with monitoring samples regularly collected over one day per week throughout 2011. The FLEXPART model was clearly successful in identifying LRAT episodes for both PCB-28 and other PCBs. The model fails to accurately reproduce the magnitude of PCB-28 concentrations during individual episodes, but this can be mainly attributed to uncertainties in the absolute emission rates of PCB-28 used to drive simulations. We conclude that forecasting of pollution episodes has the potential to add value to relevant monitoring efforts which are normally collecting active air samples at fixed intervals in a non-continuous manner. Observations targeted at strong pollution episodes (as in this study) or on transport from specific source regions with highly uncertain emissions (as could be done in a very similar forecasting framework) could significantly enhance our understanding of POP sources.
2013
2003
2009
2003
2021
2022
The report evaluates current mapping methodology with respect to city- and NUTS3-levels mapping across Europe. It states that the current mapping can be used at the city and the NUTS3 levels, despite a mild smoothing effect at locations of the measurement stations. However, it suggests a post-processing correction based on the mapping residuals.
A potential new approach for the city ranking have been examined, namely the population-weighted concentration based on the mapping results. While the averaged measurement data from the background stations (as used in the current city ranking) provides a superior information for the whole city in general, the population-weighted concentration also well represents the whole city and gives a consistent information for all cities, including those without station measurements.
Next to this, alternative treatments of rural and urban stations has been evaluated. If the urban traffic areas should be better represented in the final maps, an increased map resolution is recommended.
Several possibilities of future development towards the European-wide city level mapping in a fine resolution have been suggested, namely exploitation of a high-resolution model output in the existing methodology, geostatistical downscaling of the existing spatial maps using fine-resolution proxy datasets and exploitation of existing low-cost sensor networks.
ETC/ATNI
2021
2016
European scale exceedance mapping for PM10 and ozone based on daily interpolation fields. ETC/ACC Technical Paper, 2007/8
2008
2009
European Registry of Materials: global, unique identifiers for (undisclosed) nanomaterials
Management of nanomaterials and nanosafety data needs to operate under the FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) principles and this requires a unique, global identifier for each nanomaterial. Existing identifiers may not always be applicable or sufficient to definitively identify the specific nanomaterial used in a particular study, resulting in the use of textual descriptions in research project communications and reporting. To ensure that internal project documentation can later be linked to publicly released data and knowledge for the specific nanomaterials, or even to specific batches and variants of nanomaterials utilised in that project, a new identifier is proposed: the European Registry of Materials Identifier. We here describe the background to this new identifier, including FAIR interoperability as defined by FAIRSharing, identifiers.org, Bioregistry, and the CHEMINF ontology, and show how it complements other identifiers such as CAS numbers and the ongoing efforts to extend the InChI identifier to cover nanomaterials. We provide examples of its use in various H2020-funded nanosafety projects.
2022
European pollen reanalysis, 1980–2022, for alder, birch, and olive
The dataset presents a 43 year-long reanalysis of pollen seasons for three major allergenic genera of trees in Europe: alder (Alnus), birch (Betula), and olive (Olea). Driven by the meteorological reanalysis ERA5, the atmospheric composition model SILAM predicted the flowering period and calculated the Europe-wide dispersion pattern of pollen for the years 1980–2022. The model applied an extended 4-dimensional variational data assimilation of in-situ observations of aerobiological networks in 34 European countries to reproduce the inter-annual variability and trends of pollen production and distribution. The control variable of the assimilation procedure was the total pollen release during each flowering season, implemented as an annual correction factor to the mean pollen production. The dataset was designed as an input to studies on climate-induced and anthropogenically driven changes in the European vegetation, biodiversity monitoring, bioaerosol modelling and assessment, as well as, in combination with intra-seasonal observations, for health-related applications.
Springer Nature
2024
2005
2006
European Environmental Outlook 2005: Background document air quality 1990-2030. ETC/ACC Technical paper, 2005/2
2005
2017
2015