Fant 10466 publikasjoner. Viser side 275 av 419:
2020
2024
The essential-use concept is a tool that can guide the phase-out of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and potentially other substances of concern. This concept is a novel approach to chemicals management that determines whether using substances of concern, such as PFAS, is truly essential for a given functionality. To assess the essentiality of a particular use case, three considerations need to be addressed: (1) the function (chemical, end use and service) that the chemical provides in the use case, (2) whether the function is necessary for health and safety and critical for the functioning of society and (3) if the function is necessary, whether there are viable alternatives for the chemical for this particular use. A few illustrative examples of the three-step process are provided for use cases of PFAS. The essential-use concept takes chemicals management away from a substance-by-substance approach to a group approach. For PFAS and other substances of concern, it offers a more rapid pathway toward effective management or phase-out. Parts of the concept of essential use have already been widely applied in global treaties and international regulations and it has also been recently used by product manufacturers and retailers to phase out substances of concern from supply chains. Herein some of the common questions and misinterpretations regarding the practical application of the essential-use concept are reviewed, and answers and further clarifications are provided.
2021
Final report. Support in development and implementation of air quality e-Reporting in West Balkan. NILU report
The Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), 4sfera Innova SLU (4sfera) and EKONERG have been commissioned to develop a software solution for Air Quality e-Reporting for the West Balkan countries
The software solution has been successfully installed and training has been provided. For the reporting of air quality according to the air quality directives 2004/107/EC and 2008/50/EC, Albania, Montenegro and Serbia has used the software for reporting 2015 data to EEA.
2017
Effekten av utvalgte aminer på korrosjonen av karbonstål og kobber ble undersøkti laboratoriet og ved feltforsøk. Stål og kobberprøver ble eksponert i laboratoriet for doser som representerte en mulig 10 års maksimum eksponering for aminer i utslipp fra CO2 fangst anlegg, og til høyere doser i laboratoriet og i felt. Ingen effekt på korrosjonshastigheten for stål ble funnet ved påføring av amin i laboratoriet tilsvarende mulig 10 års maksimum eksponering, sammenlignet med blindprøver. Påføring av 700 ganger høyere doser av aminer i laboratoriet førte til anodisk beskyttelse og dermed redusert korrosjonfor stålprøver, men til oppløsning av overflaten på kobber. Den anodiske beskyttelsen besto i dannelsen av en amin-overflatefilm som beskyttet prøvene for oksidasjon ved kontakt med atmosfæren. Oppløsningen av kobber skjedde sannsynligvis på grunn av dannelsen av et kobber ¿ amin kompleks ved høy pH. En liten økning av korrosjonen ble observert i feltforsøk for prøver som ble eksponert for doser som representerte mulig 65 års maksimum eksponering for aminer. Dette kan forklares med frysepunktnedsettelse og øket våttid for prøveoverflatene ved akkumulering av amin på prøvene i sesongen(e) med frost.
2013
Final report: Air quality management feasibility study for Armenia. NILU OR
En mulighetsstudie har blitt utført for å vurdere forvaltning av luftkvalitet i Armenia for å forberede et potensielt fremtidig omfattende prosjektforslag for å etablere et luftkvalitetsprogram for landet. Studien ble gjennomført i samarbeid med lokale armenske miljømyndigheter (primært Environmental Impact Monitoring Centre - EIMC) for å evaluere eksisterende lokal overvåkingsnettverk og samarbeidende institusjoner, i tillegg til å utføre en screeningundersøkelse i Yerevan basert på passive prøvetakere. Resultatene fra studien indikerer at Armenia trenger teknisk støtte og opplæring for å etablere et omfattende luftkvalitetsprogram for landet. Anbefalinger, og et detaljert veikart presenteres som forslag for rammen til et fremtidig forslag om å etablere et vellykket luftkvalitetsprogram i Armenia.
2011
As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone standard of Norway maintained by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range from 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.
2020
2007
Final report from NMR project 'Test of a filter pack combined with a PM10 inlet'. Project number 04FOX5. IVL Report B1686
2006
2001
Final report for ESA Validation Data Centre, EVDC. NILU OR
Statusrapport for prosjektet.
2015
2025
2025
Air pollution is one of the world’s leading environmental causes of death. The epidemiological relationship between outdoor air pollution and the onset of health diseases associated with death is now well established. Relevant toxicological proofs are now dissecting the molecular processes that cause inflammation, reactive species generation, and DNA damage. In addition, new data are pointing out the role of airborne particulates in the modulation of genes and microRNAs potentially involved in the onset of human diseases. In the present review we collect the relevant findings on airborne particulates of one of the biggest hot spots of air pollution in Europe (i.e., the Po Valley), in the largest urban area of this region, Milan. The different aerodynamic fractions are discussed separately with a specific focus on fine and ultrafine particles that are now the main focus of several studies. Results are compared with more recent international findings. Possible future perspectives of research are proposed to create a new discussion among scientists working on the toxicological effects of airborne particles.
2020
2020
2014
Field measurements of indoor air in one Norwegian School
Surveys conducted in Norwegian schools showed students have experienced health problems, such as headaches or concentration issues which have been linked to indoor air quality (IAQ). Since no standard assessment method/protocol for IAQ exists, the assessment of IAQ by measurements will be influenced by type of monitoring device and its placement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the condition of indoor air parameter in school buildings. This work was conducted by investigating the influence of specification and placement of measurement devices of IAQ in a primary school building in Oslo City, as part of a broader investigation to identify potential measures to improve IAQ. Field measurements were done using both additional sensors, and existing sensors by the building energy management system. Different sensors were installed in classrooms in the school at slightly different locations. Measurement results of carbon dioxide and temperature were compared and evaluated in three different classrooms in the school. The result indicates that some classroom in the school may slightly not have a satisfactory IAQ. The comparison analysis suggests that room occupancy and sensor placement and specification influence the measurement results, and may thus negatively influence decisions made to ventilation system on the basis of the data from existing measurement. Further investigation is needed to understand the reliability of existing sensors to evaluate the IAQ of school buildings.
2023
Surveys in Norwegian schools showed that some students experienced health problems, such as headaches or concentration issues which have been linked to indoor environment quality (IEQ). This research investigates the relationship between measured IEQ and students’ perceived IEQ as user-feedback in one lower secondary school. This study explores the factors contributing to the connection with certain parameters such as carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and temperature levels with perceived IEQ. Despite achieving good IEQ levels according to standards, there is a notable discrepancy between measured IEQ and how students perceive the air quality. Two classrooms served by a demand-controlled ventilation system were monitored with IEQ measurement sensors and online questionnaires were given individually to students in each classroom. This enables to provide real-time students’ perception of indoor air and room temperature quality. Measurement results showed IEQ are of good quality, but students’ responses on perceived IEQ vary and showed over 25% are dissatisfied, indicating mixed feelings and dissatisfaction about perceived IEQ. Future research should focus on refining ventilation systems to bridge the gap between measured and perceived IEQ.
2025