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Deposition of air pollutants around the North Sea and the North-East Atlantic in 2014. OSPAR monitoring and assessment, 680/2016
2016
Deposition of air pollutants around the North Sea and the North-East Atlantic in 2013. OSPAR monitoring and assessment, 654/2015
2015
Deposition of air pollutants around the North Sea and the North-East Atlantic in 2012. OSPAR monitoring and assessment, 632/2014
2014
Deposition of air pollutants around the North Sea and the North-East Atlantic in 2011. OSPAR monitoring and assessment, 597/2013
2013
Deposition of air pollutants around the North Sea and the North-East Atlantic in 2010. OSPAR monitoring and assessment, 564/2012
2012
Deposition of air pollutants around the North Sea and the North-East Atlantic in 2009. OSPAR monitoring and assessment, 539/2011
2011
Deposition of air pollutants around the North Sea and the North-East Atlantic in 2008. NILU OR
This reports summarises the observations of the deposition of pollutants from the atmosphere to the North Sea area during 2008. Priority is given to the metals arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc, the organic pollutant lindane, and to oxidised and reduced forms of nitrogen. A number of voluntarily monitored pollutants are also reported by North Sea countries. As well as providing rates of deposition observed in 2008, the report summarises the temporal trends in deposition of lead, cadmium, mercury and PCB's.
2010
2009
2023
Deployment and Evaluation of a Network of Open Low-Cost Air Quality Sensor Systems
Low-cost air quality sensors have the potential to complement the regulatory network of air quality monitoring stations, with respect to increased spatial density of observations, however, their data quality continues to be of concern. Here we report on our experience with a small network of open low-cost sensor systems for air quality, which was deployed in the region of Stavanger, Norway, under Nordic winter conditions. The network consisted of AirSensEUR sensor systems, equipped with sensors for, among others, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter. The systems were co-located at an air quality monitoring station, for a period of approximately six weeks. A subset of the systems was subsequently deployed at various roadside locations for half a year, and finally co-located at the same air quality monitoring station again, for a post-deployment evaluation. For fine particulate matter, the co-location results indicate a good inter-unit consistency, but poor average out-of-the-box performance (R2 = 0.25, RMSE = 9.6 μ
g m−3). While Köhler correction did not significantly improve the accuracy in our study, filtering for high relative humidity conditions improved the results (R2 = 0.63, RMSE = 7.09 μg m−3). For nitrogen dioxide, the inter-unit consistency was found to be excellent, and calibration models were developed which showed good performance during the testing period (on average R2 = 0.98, RMSE = 5.73 μg m−3), however, due to the short training period, the calibration models are likely not able to capture the full annual variability in environmental conditions. A post-deployment co-location showed, respectively, a slight and significant decrease in inter-sensor consistency for fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide. We further demonstrate, how observations from even such a small network can be exploited by assimilation in a high-resolution air quality model, thus adding value to both the observations and the model, and ultimately providing a more comprehensive perspective of air quality than is possible from either of the two input datasets alone. Our study provides valuable insights on the operation and performance of an open sensor system for air quality, particularly under challenging Nordic environmental conditions.
MDPI
2023
1999
2005
2017
Degradation of modern synthetic polymers in museums and environmental assessment with EWO dosimetry.
2009
2017
2009
Decreasing trends of ammonia emissions over Europe seen from remote sensing and inverse modelling
Ammonia (NH3), a significant precursor of particulate matter, affects not only biodiversity, ecosystems, and soil acidification but also climate and human health. In addition, its concentrations are constantly rising due to increasing feeding needs and the large use of fertilization and animal farming. Despite the significance of ammonia, its emissions are associated with large uncertainties, while its atmospheric abundance is difficult to measure. Nowadays, satellite products can effectively measure ammonia with low uncertainty and a global coverage. Here, we use satellite observations of column ammonia in combination with an inversion algorithm to derive ammonia emissions with a high resolution over Europe for the period 2013–2020. Ammonia emissions peak in northern Europe due to agricultural application and livestock management, in western Europe (industrial activity), and over Spain (pig farming). Emissions have decreased by −26 % since 2013 (from 5431 Gg in 2013 to 3994 Gg in 2020), showing that the abatement strategies adopted by the European Union have been very efficient. The slight increase (+4.4 %) in 2015 is also reproduced here and is attributed to some European countries exceeding annual emission targets. Ammonia emissions are low in winter (286 Gg) and peak in summer (563 Gg) and are dominated by the temperature-dependent volatilization of ammonia from the soil. The largest emission decreases were observed in central and eastern Europe (−38 %) and in western Europe (−37 %), while smaller decreases were recorded in northern (−17 %) and southern Europe (−7.6 %). When complemented with ground observations, modelled concentrations using the posterior emissions showed improved statistics, also following the observed seasonal trends. The posterior emissions presented here also agree well with respective estimates reported in the literature and inferred from bottom-up and top-down methodologies. These results indicate that satellite measurements combined with inverse algorithms constitute a robust tool for emission estimates and can infer the evolution of ammonia emissions over large timescales.
2023
2001