Fant 9850 publikasjoner. Viser side 54 av 394:
2009
2018
Testing ethical impact assessment for nano risk governance
Risk governance of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies has been traditionally mainly limited to risk assessment, risk management and life cycle assessment. Recent approaches have experimented with widening the scope and including economic, social, and ethical aspects. This paper reports on tests and stakeholder feedback on fine-tuning the use of ethical impact assessment guidelines (RiskGONE D3.6) and online tools adapting the CEN Workshop Agreement part 2 CWA 17145-2:2017 (E)) to support risk governance of nanomaterials, in the RiskGONE project. The EIA guidelines and tools are intended to be used as one module in a multicriteria decision support framework for risk governance of nanomaterials, but may also be used for a stand-alone ethical impact assessment.
Nanomaterials are new forms of materials with structures at sizes between 1 and 100 nanometres (a millionth of a millimetre). They can be particles, tubes, platelets or other shaped structures. Nanomaterials can be applied in many different products, ranging from medicine to solar panels. Researchers, governments and stakeholders have been concerned with potential risks for human health and the environment for decades. Also, how nanomaterials behave during the production, use and waste processing of the products they are included in has been investigated in Life Cycle Analysis. However, ethical issues which may be raised by the use of nanomaterials in those products are usually not investigated. In this article, the procedure for an ethical impact assessment described in the CEN Workshop Agreement CWA 17145-@:2017 (E) is adapted to nanomaterials. Users who want to perform this assessment are guided through the procedure by online tools. The guidelines and tools were tested on several case studies and discussed with stakeholders, who commented on the criteria which should be used and on who could use the tools. This results in recommendations for improving the guidelines and online tools.
2024
Testing av utslippsfaktorer for vedfyring i AirQUIS. En sensitivitetsstudie for PM2.5 i Oslo. NILU OR
Utslipp fra vedfyring gir et av de største bidragene til partikkelutslipp i Norge, men det er en del usikkerhet rundt utslippstallene og hvor mye vedfyring bidrar til de bakkenære konsentrasjonene. Det er gjort spredningsberegninger for Oslo for å vurdere utslipp fra vedfyring og teste ulike parametere som er knyttet opp mot denne kilden. Det er vært testet for 3 ulike vinterperioder for å se på meteorologisk variasjon (Basisberegninger), med nye utslippsfaktorer fra SINTEF (scenario SINTEF), kraftig kutt i utslippene (scenario Forbruk) og med en ny fordeling av utslippet over døgnet (scenario TID).
Modellen overestimerer klart bidraget fra vedfyring i basisberegningene som inkluderer det største utslippet for vedfyring i denne studien. Selv med bruk av nye utslippsfaktorer fra SINTEF som gir mindre utslipp og som gir et noe bedre resultat enn de tidligere faktorene, er det fortsatt klart at utslippene fra vedfyring gir for høye konsentrasjoner, spesielt på kvelden. I kombinasjon med resultatene fra andre scenarioberegninger vurderer vi det til at utslippene ikke er riktige hverken i mengde eller fordeling i tid og rom.
J.W. Cappelens Forlag AS
2013
Test Centre Mongstad. Spredningsberegninger for utslipp til luft fra Test Centre Mongstad (TCM). NILU OR
2008
Terrestrisk naturovervåking. Persistente organiske miljøgifter i rovfuglegg i Norge. NINA oppdragsmelding, 701
2001
2006
Tenth EIONET workshop on air quality management and assessment, Vilnius, 17-18 November 2005. Proceedings. ETC/ACC Technical paper, 2005/9
2005
2013
2013
2003
2016
2016
2017
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2018
2016
2022
2016
2011
2015
2014
Fourteen legacy organochlorine (OC) contaminants and 12 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were measured in eggs of tawny owls (Strix alueco) in central Norway (1986–2019). We expected OCs to have reached stable equilibrium levels due to bans, and that recent phase-out of some PFASs would have slowed the increase of these compounds. ∑OC comprised on average approximately 92% of the measured compounds, whereas ∑PFAS accounted for approximately 8%. However, whereas the ∑OC to ∑PFAS ratio was approximately 60 in the first 5 years of the study, it was only approximately 11 in the last 5 years. Both OC pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) showed substantial declines over the study period (~85%–98%): hexachlorocyclohexanes and chlordanes seemed to be levelling off, whereas p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE) and hexachlororbenzene (HCB), and most PCB congeners still seemed to decline at a more or less constant rate. While the concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), the dominating PFAS, was reduced by approximately 43%, other perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs) showed only minor changes. Moreover, the median concentrations of seven perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) increased approximately five-fold over the study period. Perfluorononanoic acid and perfluoroundecanoate acid, however, seemed to be levelling off in recent years. In contrast, perfluorododecanoic acid, perfluorodecanoate acid, perfluorotridecanoic acid, and perfluorotetradecanoic acid seemed to increase more or less linearily. Finally, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was increasingly likely to be detected over the study period. Hence, most legacy OCs and PFOS have not reached a lower threshold with stable background levels, and voluntary elimination of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates still has not resulted in declining levels in tawny owls in central Norway.
Pergamon Press
2022