Publikasjoner

Chemical speciation of fine airborne particles in Abu Dhabi. NILU OR

Hak, C.; Lopez-Aparicio, S.; Sivertsen, B.

Resultater av den kjemiske bestemmelsen av PM2.5 filterprøver fra åtte steder i Abu Dhabi er diskutert. Dette er den tredje rapporten som omfatter i alt 40 filterprøver. Ettersom et mål for denne prøvetakingstudien var å bruke resultatene for konsekvensutredninger for helse, ble prøver med høy partikkelbelastning og høy grad av sorthet valgt for analyse og sammenlignet med prøver med typiske partikkelbelastninger. Partikler med diameter under 2,5 mikrometer ble analysert for 29 elementer, 5 uorganiske ioner og karbonholdige fraksjoner.
De mest vanlige elementer ble funnet å være jordskorpeelementer, som bidrar i gjennomsnitt 14% til PM2,5 masse. Etter rekonstruksjonen av massen med jordskorpeoksider, ble ca 44% av finpartikkelmassen estimert til å være assosiert med mineralstøv. Konsentrasjonene av de fleste tungmetaller var under grenseverdiene for årlig gjennomsnitt på alle områder. For nikkel ble det funnet at årsgrenseverdien kan overskrides på en trafikkmålestasjon.
Uorganiske ioner (sulfat, nitrat, ammonium, natrium, klorid) forklarer i gjennomsnitt 34% av PM2.5 massen i Abu Dhabi. Bemerkelsesverdig høye sulfatkonsentrasjoner utgjør størstedelen (i gjennomsnitt 26%). Partikkelsulfat i Abu Dhabi har sannsynligvis både naturlige (som følge av den lokale sammensetningen av mineralstøv) og antropogene kilder som ikke kan skilles med anvendt analytiske metoder. Et antropogent bidrag på ca 6% kommer fra de sekundære uorganiske ionene nitrat og ammonium.
Totalt karboninnhold, som består av elementært karbon, organisk karbon og karbonatkarbon bidro i gjennomsnitt 14% til PM2.5 -massen. Om lag 30% av det totale karboninnholdet ble anslått til å være karbonat av sannsynligvis naturlig opprinnelse. Elementært karbon og det meste av organisk karbon forventes å være menneskeskapte.
PM i Abu Dhabi har en sterk signatur av naturlige kilder (mineralstøv). En detaljert fordeling av kilder krever videre analyser.

Sub-grid variability and its impact on European wide air quality exposure.

Denby, B.; Cassiani, M.; de Smet, P.; de Leeuw, F.; Horálek, J.

Overvåking av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedbør. Atmosfærisk tilførsel 2010. NILU OR

Aas, W.; Solberg, S.; Manø, S.; Yttri, K.E.

International co-operative programme on materials, including historic and cultural monuments. Trend exposure programme 2008-2009. Environmental data report. October 2008 to December 2009. NILU OR

Grøntoft, T.; Arnesen, K.; Ferm, M.

Denne rapporten presenterer databasen i ICP Materialer for perioden Oktober 2009 ¿ Desember 2009. Den inkluderer miljødata fra ICP Materialer trend-eksponeringsprogrammet for 2008 ¿ 2009. Databasen består av meteorologiske data, og forurensningsdata som gasser og i partikler. HNO3 og mengde og sammensetning av partikkelavseting ved tilsmussing rapporteres også.

Volatile and persistent emissions from traffic and power production on Svalbard. VETAPOS. NILU OR

Kallenborn, R.; Schmidbauer, N.; Reimann, S.

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) including Benzene-Toluene-Xylene (BTX) related compounds were monitored in ambient air samples during Spring (April-Mai) and Autumn (October) 2010 as a follow-up of an earlier BTX ambient air monitoring program in 2007 (Reimann et al 2007) at the Research park in Longyearbyen (Forskningsparken). In addition, BTX related compounds were measured in 18 ¿headspace¿ samples above collected surface soil along snowmobile tracks in Longyeardalen, Adventdalen, Todalen as well as Sassendalen (Fredheim). In addition, during the 2010 VETAPOS in a parallel surface soil sampling campaign 18 samples were analysed for 15 priority PAH compounds.

Plasma concentrations of parabens in postmenopausal women and self-reported use of personal care products: the NOWAC postgenome study.

Sandanger, T.M.; Huber, S.; Moe, M.K.; Braathen, T.; Leknes, H.; Lund, E.

PFAS - Comparison of MS/MS and MS-TOF techniques and two extraction methods on lean and fatty fish. NILU PP

Huber, S.; Lacina, O.; Hradkova, P.; Pulkrabova, J.; Herzke, D.; Kallenborn, R.; Hajslova, J.

Characterization of exposure pathways to PBDEs and HBCD - comparing exposure estimates with biomonitoring. NILU F

Thomsen, C.; Haug, L.S.; Frøshaug, M.; Huber, S.; Schlabach, M.; Becher, G.

Introduction
Brominated flame retardants such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and
hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are well known to be present in indoor air and dust and
contribute to human exposure. However, the influence of indoor contamination on human body
burdens is not fully understood. Some recent studies have suggested that for many individuals
indoor exposures may be comparable to or greater than the dietary intake. The aim of this study
was to characterize exposure pathways to PBDEs and HBCD and compare exposure estimates
with biomonitoring.
Materials and Methods
A study group of 41 female volunteers from the greater Oslo area, Norway was established.
Informed consent was obtained from all the participants and the project was approved by the
Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics. Samples of house dust as well as indoor air
from the women¿s residences were collected between February and May 2008. The women also
donated serum samples and completed a questionnaire covering demographic information, life
style factors as well as dietary habits. PBDEs and HBCD were determined in all samples types.
Results and discussion
The sum of six tri- to hexa BDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154) in the women¿s serum
ranged from 0.67 to 30 ng/g lipids, while BDE-209 ranged from 0.46 to 11 ng/g lipids. Of these
PBDEs, only BDE-28 and 47 were found above LOQ in air, in concentrations ranging from
0.78-58 and 1.3-63 ng/m3, respectively. In addition BDE-66 and BDE-49/71 were occasionally
detected. In house dust, the sum 6 PBDEs ranged from 9.3 to 662 ng/g, while the sum of ¿, ß,
and ¿-HBCD ranged from 55-2808 ng/g. Individual PBDE congeners were well correlated
within each sample type. Significant correlations were also found between individual PBDE
concentrations in air and dust as well as between sum 6 PBDE in dust and sum 6 PBDE in
serum. Assuming an ingestion of house dust of 50 mg per day, the intake of sum 6 PBDE ranged
from 0.008 to 0.47 ng/kg bw/day (mean 0.064 ng/kg bw/day). The corresponding value for sum
HBCD was 0.039-2.2 ng/kg bw/day (mean 0.30 ng/kg bw/day). The intake from food has not
been assessed in this cohort yet, but ongoing multivariate regression analyses point to
statistically significant associations between serum concentrations of PBDEs and some variables
in the indoor environment as well as the diet. The dietary intake was estimated to range from
0.14-3.6 ng/kg bw/day (mean 1.1 ng/kg bw/day) for sum 7 PBDEs (sum 6 PBDE + BDE-183)
and 0.06-0.87 (mean 0.27 ng/kg bw/day) for sum HBCD in one of our previous studies on
persons exposed to background contaminated food in Norway. These preliminary findings
suggest that exposure from house dust is important with respect to body burdens of BFRs,
HBCD in particular.

Dicyclohexylamine: discovery of an environmental contaminant using in-silico screening tools.

Malmvärn, A.; Kierkegaard, A.; Radke, M.; Alsberg, T.; McLachlan MS, Arnot, J.; Breivik, K.; Brown, T.; Wania F.

The search for alternative aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) with a low environmental impact: physiological and transcriptomic effects of two Forafac® fluorosurfactants in turbot.

Hagenaars, A.; Meyer, I.J.; Herzke, D.; Pardo, B.G.; Martinez, P.; Pabon, M.; De Coen, W.; Knapen, D.

A generalised model for traffic induced road dust emissions. Model description and evaluation.

Berger, J.; Denby, B.

Modeling of short chain chlorinated paraffins in the Nordic environment. NILU PP

Krogseth, I.S.; Breivik,K.; Schlabach, M.; Wania, F.; Arnot, J.

Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), also called polychlorinated n-alkanes, are mixtures of compounds of molecular formula CxH2x+2-yCly containing 10-13 carbon atoms and usually 30-70 % degree of chlorination. They have a range of industrial applications, and have been detected in numerous environmental compartments. There is concern regarding SCCPs due to their environmental persistence and their potential for bioaccumulation, adverse effects and long-range transport. SCCPs have been included in the UNECE LRTAP Convention, the priority substance list of the European Water Framework Directive, and are under consideration for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. However, the behaviour and fate of SCCPs remain poorly understood, in part as the technical mixtures consist of thousands of isomers, enantiomers and diastereomers, which make analysis and modelling of these compounds very challenging. The purpose of this study was to explore a complementary modelling and monitoring approach to evaluate the overall understanding of the link between emissions of SCCPs, environmental levels and human exposure in the Nordic environment and to identify the more critical knowledge gaps. Data for emissions and physicochemical properties of SCCPs were gathered or estimated, and used to parameterize an integrated, non-steady state environmental fate and bioaccumulation model (CoZMoMan). Specific congeners of SCCPs were selected for the study to assess the extent of expected variation of environmental fate and behaviour within the multitude of compounds. Model results were next compared to reported environmental levels in the Nordic region. For compartments where environmental levels were scarce or lacking, targeted sampling and analysis was carried out to further evaluate the model predictions. Results from this study will be presented and discussed with emphasis on the more critical research needs with respect to the overall fate and exposure of SCCPs.

Evaluering av vindforhold, snømengder og saltbelastning. Hammerfest 2009-2010. NILU OR

Tønnesen, D.

NILU har på oppdrag av Statnett bearbeidet måledata fra Hammerfest vedrørende vindforhold, snømengde og saltbelastning. Bearbeidingen er utført i forbindelse med planlagt utbygging av distribusjonsnett. Saltbelastningen ved Hammerfest er lavere enn langs Vestlandet.