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2019
Screening new PFAS compounds 2018
This screening project has focused on the occurrence of conventional and emerging PFASs in terrestrial and marine environments, including the Arctic. Conventional PFASs were found to be wide-spread in the environment and for the first time in Norway reported in wolf, a top predator from the terrestrial environment. Otters living in close proximity to human settlements and preying on the marine food chain, are heavily contaminated with PFASs. Areas where ski-testing activities are common are a potential “hotspot” where PFASs can enter the food chain. The difference in PFAS-profile between the samples indicates that the diversity in samples are necessary to reveal the complete picture of PFASs in the environment.
NILU
2019
2019
Plastic pollution is a global and increasing threat to ecosystems. Plastics in the oceans are unevenly distributed, are transported by currents and can now be found in the most remote environments, including Arctic sea ice. The entanglement of wildlife by large plastic debris such as ropes is an obvious and well documented threat. However, the risks associated with the ingestion of smaller plastic particles, including microplastics (< 5mm) have been largely overlooked. Recent studies show that microplastic accumulates in the food web. Even in the Arctic and the deep sea, fish frequently contain microplastics in their guts. This, together with the fact that small microplastic particles can pass from the gut into blood and organs and also leach associated toxic additives raises health concerns for wildlife that ingest microplastic.
Within the North Atlantic, plastic ingestion in seabirds has been studied systematically only in the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), for which plastic particles > 1mm found in the stomachs of dead (beached or bycaught) birds are quantified. With the origin of these birds being unknown, it is, however, impossible to assess how plastics affect populations even of this one monitored species, let alone for other seabird species that differ in their foraging behaviour and risk to ingest plastics.
This report sums up the results of a workshop which aimed to identify possibilities for long-term monitoring of (micro-) plastic ingestion by seabirds in the framework of SEAPOP, the basal programme monitoring the performance of Norwegian seabird populations (www.seapop.no). The key conclusions were: 1) There is a need for baseline information on plastic ingestion across all seabird species to identify which species and populations are most suitable for monitoring. To obtain this information, the best approach is to investigate the stomach contents of dead birds (i.e. comparable methodology across all species). For long-term monitoring, not only species with high plastic ingestion are of interest, but also those with low plastic prevalence. 2) In the absence of information from (1), eight species that are complementary in their foraging behaviour and have a wide distribution range were selected as preliminary species of interest to monitor plastic ingestion. 3) For minimally invasive monitoring, regurgitates, fresh prey items and faeces are most suitable; 4) More information on prevalence of plastic ingestion is needed to identify optimal sample sizes for long-term monitoring. We therefore highlight the need for several pilot studies before establishing a plastic monitoring protocol within SEAPOP.
Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA)
2019
Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes in 2018. Annual report.
Rapporten presenterer aktiviteter og måleresultater fra klimagassovervåkingen ved Zeppelin-observatoriet på Svalbard for årene 2001-2018 og klimagassmålinger og klimarelevante partikkelmålinger fra Birkenes for 2009-2018.
NILU
2019
Review of the Assessment of Industrial Emissions with Mosses
På oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet har NILU - Norsk institutt for luftforskning, gjort en litteraturstudie innenfor temaet
«Vurdering av industriutslipp ved bruk av mose». Hensikten er å framskaffe en oversikt over hva som er publisert av kunnskap om eventuelle sammenhenger mellom metallkonsentrasjoner målt i mose og utslippsmengder, luftkvalitet, opptak i andre
organismer og betydning for miljø og helse. Det er i tillegg etterspurt informasjon om hvorvidt andre land benytter
moseundersøkelse rundt industri og eventuelt hvordan disse resultatene blir brukt av myndigheter. Litteratursøket resulterte i 51 relevante publikasjoner hvor de fleste er fra perioden 2016-2019. Resultatene fra disse publikasjonene viser at mose er en god passiv prøvetaket for luftforurensinger og kan gi verdifull informasjon om kjemisk signatur og deposisjon av metaller. Det er ikke funnet noen studier som relaterer konsentrasjon i mose med luftkvalitet eller mengde utslipp fra utvalgte industrier. En enkelt studie forsøker å sette mosekonsentrasjoner i sammenheng med helseeffekter. En spørreundersøkelse blant deltakerland i ICP-Vegetation viser at resultater fra moseundersøkelser så langt ikke er benyttet av myndigheter i reguleringssammenheng eller lovgivning.
NILU
2019
Screening program 2018. Volatiles, Gd, BADGE, UV filters, Additives, and Medicines.
Dette screeningprosjektet har hovedfokuset på forekomst og miljøpåvirkning av et utvalg PBT. Prøver av inneluft, husstøv, overflate- og avløpsvann samt sediment og biota fra indre Oslofjord inngår i prosjektet. Noen av de detekterte stoffer bør følges opp. Et UV-filter viser seg å være potensielt miljøfarlig.
NILU
2019